Скручивание листьев винограда, вызываемое комплексом вирусов, является одним из самых распространенных и вредоносных вирусных заболеваний этой культуры. Для изучения распространенности вирусов скручивания листьев винограда 1 и 3 (grapevine leafroll-associated viruses-1-GLRaV-1 и grapevine leafroll-associated viruses-3-GLRaV-3) было проведено обследование виноградных насаждений в шести районах Крыма в осенний и весенний период 2015 г. Отобрано 689 образцов с симптомами вирусной инфекции. Диагностику пр оводили методом обратной транскрипции-полимеразной цепной реакции, продукты реакции секвенировали. GLRaV-1 и GLRaV-3 были обнаружены в 34 (4,9%) и 37 (5,4%) образцах соответственно. В обследованных хозяйствах Севастопольского и Бахчисарайского района GLRaV-1 и GLRaV-3 обнаружены не были. Ключевые слова: Vitis vinifera, виноград, вирусные заболевания винограда, вирус скручивания листьев винограда 1, вирус скручивания листьев винограда 3, виноградники Крыма.

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The biologization of viticulture is considered as a necessary attribute of its effective functioning, aimed at reducing environmental and economic risks. Comparative studies of the effect of conservative system of agriculture, including chemical crop protection, and the organic system with using preparations Extrasol, Respecta, Chitosan, Tiovit Jet on physicochemical indicators and quality of grapes and wines were carried out. We used grape cultivar ‘Bastardo magarachskiy’ from the South Coast area of Crimea. It was found that using preparations in the organic farming system contributed to the accumulation (α<0.05) of sugars in berries on average by 15%, phenolic compounds – by 13-22%, anthocyanins – by 23%, and PPO activity of the must. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence the accumulation of aldehydes in berries. Their effect on the content of ketoacids was determined by the crop year conditions. Experimental wines were distinguished by a higher (α<0.05) content of ethyl alcohol, phenolic compounds (on average by 46%), anthocyanins (1.6 times), pyruvic and α-ketoglutaric acids (1.6 and 1.9 times) and a lower (by 20 %) concentration of aldehydes. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence on the organoleptic of wines. The best result was shown by the complex of Tiovit Jet and Extrasol.

Viral infections cause the reduction of yields and efficiency of vine cultivation in all viticultural regions of the world. Simultaneous infecting with several viruses, the so-called mixed infection, can significantly increase the severity of symptoms. The article presents the results of study of mixed infecting of grapevine with viruses in the vineyards of the Crimean Peninsula during 2011-2020. More than 800 grapevine samples of 153 varieties selected in 23 vineyards of the Crimea were analyzed over the entire period of study. Presence of phytopathogenic viruses in the samples was determined by RT-PCR using virus specific primers. The share of 25.5 % of all the samples tested gave positive result for one or more of the following viruses: GFLV, GLRaV-1, GLRV-2, GLRaV-3, GFkV, GVA, GRSPaV, ArMV, GFLV. During the process of studyno vines affected by GVB virus were identified. Single-agent infection was found in 20% of the examined vines. The amount of vines affected by mixed infection was 5.48 % of all tested. In a mixed viral infection more common combinations are: GRSPaV/GFkV; GVA/GRSPaV; GVA/GLRaV-1/GRSPaV; GVA/GLRaV-3/GRSPaV. Vines were infected the most with GRSPaV and GFkV viruses, which is visually manifested in the form of mosaic leaf variegation, leaf chlorosis and the appearance of necrotic spots.