Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the physiological mechanism of tall morningglory resistance to the experimental cotton herbicide DPX-PE350. Tall morningglory, a resistant species, was compared with entireleaf morningglory, a sensitive species, to evaluate inhibition at the site of action, the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (E.C.4.1.3.18), by DPX-PE350 as well as uptake, translocation, and metabolism of DPX-PE350. No differences were found between species in the concentration required to inhibit the ALS enzyme by 50% (I50), or in uptake and translocation of the herbicide. Tall morningglory metabolized the herbicide more rapidly than did entireleaf morningglory. Tall morningglory contained 3.6 and 1.4 times more metabolites of DPX-PE350 than did entireleaf morningglory 6 and 24 h after treatment, respectively. Tall morningglory produced anO-desmethyl metabolite from the 3,5-dimethoxypyrimidine moiety of DPX PE350 that was not found in entireleaf morningglory. These data suggest that the ability of tall morningglory to more rapidly metabolize DPX-PE350, possibly through the production of the pyrimidinyldesmethyl metabolite, may be the mechanism of resistance to DPX-PE350.
L'analyse par chromatographie liquide haute performance (HPLC) des espdces Gaylussacia baccata, G. dumosa, G. frondosa, G. mosieri et G. ursina ont permis d'identifier les 3-monoarabinosides, les 3-monogalactosides et les 3-monoglucosides de la cyanidine, de la delphinidine, de Ia malvidine, de la p6onidine et de la p6tunidine. Gaylussacia brachycera contenait toutes les anthocyanines sauf le p6onidine-3-arabinoside.Il se distinguait des autres espbces par sa teneur en delphinidine-3-arabinoside. Il pr6sen-tait une teneur sup6rieure en aglycone delphinidine mais inf6rieure en cyanidine ir celles des autres espdces et sa teneur en sucre arabinose 6tait sup6rieure. Nous n'avons observ6 aucune diff6rence significative entre les autres espdces quant aux teneurs en anthocyanines, en aglycones ou en h€tdrosides. Nous traitons des cons6quences phylog6n6tiques des similitudes observ6es entre les espdces de Gaylussacia et Vac-cinium qtant aux teneurs des fruits en anthocyanines, en aglycones et en h6t6rosides.
The extracted and purified anthocyanins (Acy) of Vaccinium arboreum Marsh [section Batodendron (Nutt.) Klotzch], commonly called the sparkleberry, were indentified as the 3-monoglycosides of the aglycones delphinidin, petunidin, malvidin, cyanidin, and peonidin with the sugars arabinose, galactose, and glucose (except for cyanidin and malvidin) (or 13 of a potential 15 Acy). Vaccinium arboreum fruit contains Acy which are extremely similar to those reported for the fruits of highbush and lowbush blueberries (subgenus Cyanococcus). Vaccinium arboreum has at least 12 Acy, while those of V. stamineum (subgenus Polycodium), whose geographical range is similar to that of V. arboreum, has only three (monoglycosides of the sugars galactose, arabinose, or glucose with the aglycone cyanidin). If Acy of fruits were to be considered of taxonomic importance, V. arboreum would appear to be more closely associated with subgenus Cyanococcus than with Polycodium which is associated with subgenus Oxycoccus.
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