Based on the example of Pskov, from the point of view of thermodynamics, climate change was assessed. The results can be used for the environmental and economic rationale for revising the selection of crops for cultivation in the studied area).
In the scientific literature, the prognostic equations of the productivity of phytocenoses have a local nature – this fact can be explained by the absence of a single unit of measure for all variables composing the equation. The result of this approach is the refusal to find one model that describes the general regularity of changes in the physiological processes of plants due to climatic changes. The productivity of phytocenoses is the result of the “soil-plant-climate” relationship. In the previous studies, the author presented a thermodynamic approach to climate analysis; a methodology has been developed for determining the volumetric heat content of soils, and the thermodynamic approach to assessing plant productivity is proved in the current study. For this purpose, the concepts of the heat content of phytomass and the heat content of the aerotope (unit of measure - kJ / kg of dry air) were introduced, and from this point of view the dependence of physiological parameters is based not on various combinations of external meteorological parameters, but on the corresponding integral indicators of the heat content of the leaf and aerotope for conditions of different density and plant height. The heat content of the phytomass was taken as the heat content of the air space bordering the lamina. Introduction of these concepts simplified the analysis of the multifactorial effect of meteorological elements on plant productivity. The capability of a thermodynamic approach to assess the productivity of phytocenoses as a result of the relationship of plants with the environment is demonstrated, as evidenced by the high degree of correlation dependence of the studied parameters. The possibility for describing the “soil-plant-climate” system in a single energy system is substantiated, provided that an assessment of the productivity of phytocenoses is introduced from the point of view of net primary productivity, measured in energy units (Joule).
In the scientific literature, the thermal properties of soils are described by three indicators: heat absorption capacity, heat capacity, and heat conductivity. It is proposed to introduce into practice the prognostic equation of the volumetric heat content of moist soil, as its energy characteristic, by which it will be possible to judge not only the phase (ice, water, steam) state of the water in the soil, but also the nature of the soil-atmosphere heat exchange, that is important to know during seasonal thawing and characterizes the power of the process. Since the degree of saturation of the soil with water determines the thermal properties of the soil, the key point of this research is to prove the legitimacy of using the prognostic equation to calculate the moisture content of the soil. Calculations using the proposed equations are not difficult, since they are based on data from the available information of the state hydrometeorological services. The main advantage of prognostic equations is that they are not of statistical origin. Consequently, they are not related to a specific geographic point, which allows analyzing the parameter being studied by building the calculated indicators in one row and thus finding patterns in the soil-atmosphere system. Studies were conducted for three geographical points located on the same longitude, but at the same time located in different soil-climatic zones. Studies were conducted for conditions above 0 ° C inclusive. The research analyzes the results of the calculation of the predicted soil moisture content using two equations. A mathematical analysis of the equation was conducted, where the predicted value is the moisture content of the soil; a variable, the coefficient of moisture according to Ivanov. The legitimacy of using the index of the predicted soil moisture content in the model of the volumetric heat content of moist soil is theoretically proved.
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