The present study investigates and compares the vermilion red color change phenomenon in an oil painting executed on wood from the 18 th century stored at the Archaeological Museum Store of Manial Palace Museum, Cairo and a mural painting executed using Tempera from the Greco-Roman Periodin a destroyed archeological house next to Medinet Madi Temple, (35kms far from Fayoum city). The vermillion red color may change to dark red, brown, or grayish-white due to the exposure to the environmental conditions and pollutants, the common role of both light and chlorine as the main factors of red discoloration, some impurities in color components, as well as the dissolved salts and organic media used in painting. The blackness of the color was detected after doing an analytical study to identify the damaged products of the vermillion red using different methods of analysis (i.e. microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-rays and Infrared). The change to gray color in oil paintings due to the presence of the prokovite was associated with cinnabar. In the mural painting, it resulted from the conversion to black hypercinnabar, not to the resin.
This paper focuses on the environmental hazards affecting the building materials at the Sharia Judge tomb in Aswan, abreast with finding out the appropriate Nano consolidant, to achieve the afore-mentioned purpose; the ambient environmental factors were studied and the deterioration products were noticed, building materials were studied using SEM-EDX, XRD and FTIR. Through SEM investigation; it was found that the plaster layers had a significant deterioration in addition to the spread of gaps, separations, cracks, and lack of interconnection between the grains. The analyses by EDX and XRD proved that the two layers of the plaster consist of calcium carbonate CaCO3 and quartz SiO2 with a percentage of halite NaCl, whitewash from gypsum CaSO4.2H2O with a percentage of halite. Through FTIR analytical results it was find out the type of organic media used. It turned out that the media was from animal glue. The study aims to consolidate the layers of plaster that suffer from complete or partial separation by applying the consolidation with calcium nano hydroxide mix with TiO2 nanoparticles in different concentrations to consolidate the layers of the separated plaster on models similar in composition to the composition of the original plaster layers. The results indicated that the mixture consisting of calcium nano hydroxide mix with TiO2 nanoparticles 1:2 was the best for preserving the plaster layers of the tomb of the Sharia judge in the Fatimid cemetery in Aswan.
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