RESUMO -A detecção precoce de problemas visuais é uma medida de assistência primária importante. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo, verificar a acuidade visual de crianças/adolescentes de uma escola conveniada de Goiânia-Goiás, utilizando o exame físico simplificado de saúde, através da Escala de Snellen. Das 414 crianças avaliadas, 46 (11%) apresentaram deficiência visual e foram encaminhadas para consulta oftalmológica no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Concluiu-se que o método de aferição da acuidade visual não está sendo amplamente adotado nas escolas, tal como indicado pelo Ministério da Educação através do programa de saúde ocular. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Acuidade visual, escolar. SUMMARY -The precocious detention of visual problems is a measure of important primary assistance. Thus being, this work had as main objective, to verify the visual level of children and adolescents in Goiânia (Goiás -Brazil) public school, being used the simplified physical examination of health through Snellen Table . Of the 414 evaluated children, 46 (11%) had presented visual deficiency and had been directed for oftalmological consultation in the Hospital of the Clinics of the Federal University of Goiás. WORDS KEYS: Visual acuity, pertaining to school RESUMEN -La detección precoz de problemas visuales es una medida de asistencia primaria importante. Este trabajo tuvo como principal objetivo, verificar la agudeza visual de niños/adolescentes de una escuela conveniada de Goiania -Goiás, utilizando el examen físico simplificado de salud, a través de la Escala de Snellen. De los 414 niños analizados 46 (11%) presentaron deficiencia visual y fueron dirigidos para consulta oftalmológica en el Hos-
Background Beatriz Ângelo Hospital (HBA) is 424-bed district hospital (210-bed Medical Specialties, 90-bed Surgical Specialties, and 22-bed Intensive/Intermediate care unit, among others). All prescriptions are validated by a pharmacist at the Department of Pharmacy (DP), and it is always possible to access the electronic medical record of each patient to consult clinical data and record any suggestions or interventions. For the purposes of this study, pharmaceutical interventions (PIs) are defined as contact with other healthcare providers in order to prevent any medicines-related problems (MRPs). Purpose To quantify and characterise PIs at HBA following the identification of any risks of MRPs during prescription validation. Materials and MethodsProspective data collection from 1 July to 30 September and subsequent entering of the data into a PIs database created by the HBA’s DP according to a protocol developed by the DP of Hospital da Luz and Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa. Results During the period of analysis, 914 PIs were recorded for a total of 280 patients (an average of 3.3 PIs per patient), with the following distribution: 242 PIs in Intensive Care units, 400 in the Medical Specialties, 214 in the Surgical Specialties and 58 in other units. The most frequent causes of PIs were: unsuitable use of medicine due to the renal function (n = 420 [46.0%]); potential adverse effect/toxicity (n = 139 [15.2%]); and lack of therapeutic efficacy (n = 112 [12.3%]). The most frequent PIs were therapeutic drug monitoring (n = 343 [37.5%]); suggestions regarding parameters found in blood tests (n = 241 [26.4%]); adjustments to dose and frequency of administration (n = 106 [11.6%]); adjustments to route of administration and medicine formulation (n = 07 [11.7%]). As for the expected effects of PI, the most frequent were: increased effectiveness (n = 548 [60.0%]); reduced drug toxicity (n = 205 [22.4%]); reduced risk associated with route of administration (n = 104 [11.4%]). Concerning the results of PI, the most frequent were: no clinical improvement/no clinical aggravation (n = 289 [31.6%]); problem prevented (n = 248 [27.1%]); clinical improvement (n = 238 [26.0%]). Of all PIs, 813 (88.9%) were accepted, and 328 (35.9%) of all PIs were recorded in the patient’s electronic medical record. Conclusions The high acceptance of PIs confirms the interdisciplinary cooperation of all the healthcare providers within the institution. The results show that PI is fundamental in promoting the good use of medicines and preventing MRPs. The development of a software application integrated in the electronic medical record will allow us to be more agile in documentation and to quantify the pharmacist’s contribution within the clinical team. No conflict of interest.
BackgroundNon-adherence to combined anti-retroviral treatment (cART) is one of the key factors leading to treatment failure, higher morbidity, mortality, and health costs. Tools to evaluate adherence are beneficial since they allow health care workers to focus on patients with adherence problems. “Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire” (BMQ) is a tool that evaluates the patient’s awareness of the “need” for and “concerns” about their medicines.PurposeTo evaluate whether the findings of the BMQ questionnaire correlated with adherence in HIV patients.Material and methodsBMQ was applied to HIV-infected patients on cART with three or more pharmacy visits who gave informed consent. Adherence was evaluated through refill date records.ResultsOf a total of 175 patients, 80 (45.7%) were women, 97 (55.4%) were previously treatment-naïve, and the median age was 44 years old. Average BMQ-specific “need” and “concerns” scores were 22.6 [Standard Deviation (SD) = 2.7] and 18.6 [SD = 5.0], respectively. The average difference between “need” and “concerns” scores (N-C) was 4.0 [SD = 6.1]. Average refill adherence was 101% [SD = 9.1%] with values between 59% and 129%. The majority of patients (86.3%) had refill adherence between 80% and 110%, and 2.3% had refill adherence below 80%. Although we observed a tendency for higher values of N-C in patients with higher refill adherence, it was not possible to establish a correlation due to lack of statistical significance.ConclusionIt wasn’t possible to correlate the results of the BMQ-specific questionnaire with adherence, probably due to the fact that there was a high proportion of treatment-naïve patients. We observed higher refill adherence rates in treatment-naïve patients, which may be due to the fact that these patients are most likely to be aware of the “need” for cART. It’s possible that the BMQ-specific questionnaire is more useful in treatment – experienced patients in order to identify causes of non-adherence.References and/or AcknowledgementsNo conflict of interest.
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