In this study we introduced the definition of graph folding then, we proved that we cannot fold any complete graph except the bipartite graph. By using incidence matrices we described the graph folding
Background: The third stage of labor is a critical period, thus using high fidelity simulation to enhance intern students' competency through implementing the clinical guidelines for active management of the third stage of labor is essential for preventing its serious complications mainly postpartum hemorrhage. The aim of this study: Was to determine the effect of high fidelity simulation on intern students' competency regarding clinical guidelines for active management of the third stage of labor. Subjects and Method: The study was carried out at Objective Structure Clinical Examination (OSCE) skills laboratory at Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University. A convenient sample consists of 50 intern nursing students who were trained at labor unit, obstetric department, Tanta university hospital and fulfilling the inclusive criteria. Three tools were used to collect the data: Tool (I): A structured interview schedule included three parts: Part (a) Socio demographic characteristics of the intern nursing students, part (b) Intern students' knowledge regarding the third stage of labor, and part (c) Intern students' knowledge regarding clinical guidelines for active management of the third stage of labor. Tool (II): Intern students' practice observational checklist contained seven sequential steps of clinical guidelines for active management of the third stage of labor. Tool (III): Modified Self-Confidence Measurement Scale included 7 items that measured how confident intern nursing students felt about the skills they performed during simulation training program. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that high fidelity simulation training significantly improved the intern students' knowledge, practice as well as the self-confidence regarding clinical guidelines for active management of the third stage of labor. Therefore, the study recommended that providing pre-service and in-service training programs using high fidelity simulation especially for newly appointed intern nurses is crucial to improve their knowledge and practices as well as the self-confidence.
In this paper we introduce a new type of folding called equi-Gaussian curvature folding of connected Riemannian 2-manifolds. We prove that the composition and the cartesian product of such foldings is again an equi-Gaussian curvature folding. In case of equi-Gaussian curvature foldings, f : M → P n , of an orientable surface M onto a polygon P n we prove thatand we generalize (iii) for #nT 2 .
Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional disorder during pregnancy. The aim of this study: was to determine the effect of nutritional program on anemic status and pregnancy outcome among pregnant women suffering from iron deficiency anemia. Subjects and Method: The study was carried out at antenatal inpatient units and outpatient clinics in obstetrics and gynecological department at Tanta University and El-Menshawy Hospitals and four governmental antenatal clinics in Tanta city. Convenient sample of 60 pregnant women were included in the study and fulfilling the inclusive criteria. Five tools were used: Tool (I):A structured interview schedule included four parts: (a) Socio-demographic data, (b) Reproductive history, menstrual history, antenatal booking and attendance of antenatal care classes regarding IDA, (c) Current health history of women included: medical, surgical and also family history (d) History of iron deficiency anemia during current pregnancy. Tool (II): Women's knowledge assessment interview: it included two parts: a) Women's knowledge about iron deficiency anemia and b): Assessment of pregnant women's self-care measures and nutritional habits regarding iron deficiency anemia. Tool (III): Iron Intake Calculation Food Frequency Questionnaire it was used to assess women's iron dietary intake. Tool (IV): Bio-physiological measurement included: (a) Anthropometric measurements :Body Mass Index and Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), (b) Physical examination: to assess signs of iron deficiency anemia, (c) Measurement of serum hemoglobin level on capillary blood using one touch hemoglobin device(d) Stool analysis: was done to exclude parasitic infestation. Tool (V): Outcome assessment tool: included two parts, (a) Maternal outcome assessment sheet and (b) Neonatal outcome assessment sheet. Results: Itrevealed that mean blood hemoglobin level had increased from (9.05±0.98) pre-program to (11.8±0.95) at the end of the 2 nd trimester and (10.74±0.93) at the end of the 3 rd trimester. Conclusion: Significant improvement of the level of knowledge, dietary habits, anemic status (hemoglobin level) and the maternal & neonatal outcome were found after implementation of the program. Therefore, the study recommended: developing antenatal educational classes for all pregnant women to increase their awareness about importance of early and regular antenatal care as well as proper screening for early diagnosis and effective management of IDA to improve their pregnancy outcome.
Background: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological symptoms among adolescent female students that negativity affects their daily life activities, academic achievement and productivity. The aim of this study: Was to determine the effect of Pilates exercises on primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent female students. Subjects and Method: The study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing Tanta University Egypt. A purposive sample consisted of 100 female students who had primary dysmenorrhea and fulfilling the inclusive criteria. The students randomly allocated into study and control groups 50 students in each group. Two tools were used: Tool (I): Self-administered sheet: included three parts: (a) Bio-socio-demographic data of the students, (b) Menstrual history. Tool (II): included three parts: (a) Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), (b) Dysmenorrheal duration assessment sheet and (c) Measurement of plasma cortisol level through a venous blood sample. Results: revealed that mean scores of the students dysmenorrheal severity, duration, as well as plasma cortisol level had significantly decreased among the study group compared to the control group (P= 0.0001). Conclusion: Pilates exercises significantly decreased the dysmenorrheal intensity and duration as well as plasma cortisol level among adolescent female students. Therefore, the study recommended that Pilates exercises should be incorporated into nursing curriculum and practice as a method for relieving primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent female student.
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