Electrochemically deposited polymeric film of polyaniline (PANI) is used as a substrate for electrochemical deposition of platinum by using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical properties of multi-layered films were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy. The structural properties of multi-layered polymer films were analyzed by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, Raman and FTIR. The modified electrode showed strong electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of toluene in presence of NaNO 2 /H 2 SO 4 in actetonitrile medium. Toluene gave a sensitive anodic peak at 1.318 V (vs. SCE). Cyclic voltammetry studies suggest that the electrochemical activity of Pt-PANI/CFP electrode is higher than that of Pt/CFP electrode toward toluene oxidation.
Electrochemically deposited MnO 2 on graphene coated Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE) has been used to develop a facile electrochemical sensor for the determination of Cholesterol. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) technique were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the modified sensing platform. The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The experimental conditions such as effect of scan rate, concentration and pH were optimized. The linear dynamic range for the determination of Cholesterol was found to be 12 × 10 À 10 M-240 × 10 À 10 M under optimum conditions. The ultralow level of detection limit (0.42 nM) demonstrates the high sensitivity of the proposed method. The developed method was successfully applied for the non-enzymatic determination of Cholesterol in human blood samples at ultralow levels.
Morin (3,2,4,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is one of the natural flavonoids which is present in a variety of fruits and herbs. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and polyaniline (PANI) decorated Pencil graphite electrode (PGE) has been successfully used as a sensitive and conducting electrode for the determination of morin. The hydroxyl groups of β-CD attract the analyte towards the modified electrode through hydrogen bonding. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were employed to study the electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes. The enhanced surface roughness of β-CD-PANI/PGE has resulted in the increase of electrocatalytic activity of electrode towards the analyte. Opitical profilometric studies were performed to evaluate the surface roughness of electrodes and differential pulse votammetry (DPV) was used for the quantitative analysis of morin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were carried out to know the physicochemical characteristics of the modified electrodes. The experimental conditions such as scan rate, pH and concentration were optimized. The electrochemical process was found to be adsorption controlled and irreversible from scan rate studies. Under optimal conditions, the linear dynamic range for the quantification of morin was found to be 1.17-32 nM. The low detection limit (0.38 nM) indicates ultrasensitivity of the proposed method. The suggested method has been effectively employed for the determination of morin in almonds and mulberry leaves.
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