* D e s a b , Ann. dim. pkys.. [3] 51, 417 (1857); see also Chwolson's "Physik." I, p. 598 (German edition) where the equation is incorrectly given. Richards and Coombs. bc. cil. 6 The Rt. Hon. John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh. Proc. Rv. Soc. A, 92. 184 (1915).
It is inferred that those explanations of the excess of C" for metals over 3R which assume departure by the atoms from simple harmonic oscillation, are probably not valid at all temperatures. This inference is based upon the apparent failure of Cv for typical non-metals to exceed 3R, and upon the unexplained lack of generality in certain anticipated relations between the excess heat capacity and other properties of the metals.6. A correspondence, between electropositive character and the "excess" heat capacity is shown to exist for many of the metals. This is taken as support for the hypotheses that the excess heat capacities are due to the presence in the metals of loosely bound electrons, and that at moderately high temperatures this excess represents approximately the rate of gain of thermal energy by the electrons. Variation among the metals of the number of electrons involved in the effect is assumed to be responsible for some of the apparent exceptions to the correspondence mentioned above.
OF BENZENE. 20ig drogen decreases, since the "solubility" of small bubbles is greater than that of larger ones. The electrolyte immediately surrounding the growing bubble is, therefore, less concentrated than at points on the surface of the electrode removed from the bubble. These differences of concentration produce short-circuited concentration cells, the operation of which results in the formation of hydrogen ion from dissolved molecular hydrogen at points where the latter is more concentrated, and the reverse reaction at the bubble or in the adjacent electrolyte.4. Summary.The increase of hydrogen overvoltage with diminished pressure is shown to follow,' in a nearly quantitative manner, from the theory advanced by Maclnnes and Adler.A study has been made of the effect of change of gaseous pressure on several chemical processes involving the evolution of hydrogen. The changes in rates of reaction and in reaction efficiencies were found in each case to be in the directions which follow from the change of hydrogen overvoltage with pressure, i. e., a decrease of gaseous pressure produces (a) a decrease of the rate of solution of metals in electrolytes, (b) an increase in the efficiency of reductions by metals, and (c) an increased efficiency of metal deposition.The theory explaining the fluctuation of overvoltage accompanying the evolution of a single bubble from a platinum electrode is more fully discussed.Cambridge, Mass.
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