RESUMO.Os objetivos do estudo foram investigar a influência de produtos naturais como capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus), folhas de abacateiro (Persea americana), casca de café (Coffea arabica) e sementes de mamona (Ricinus communis) na defensividade de Apis mellifera, e avaliar o efeito destes produtos no desenvolvimento populacional da colmeia. O comportamento defensivo foi avaliado por meio do tempo da primeira ferroada (TPF), número de ferrões (NFB) e, o desenvolvimento populacional, pela área de cria aberta e fechada. Observou-se que o tratamento fumaça + sete sementes de mamona apresentou aumento significativo no TPF, em relação ao tratamento sem e com fumaça de maravalha. Com relação ao NFB, verificou-se que os tratamentos fumaça de maravalha + sete sementes de mamona e fumaça de maravalha + 20% de folhas de café foram diferentes do tratamento sem e com fumaça. Os demais tratamentos não diferiram significativamente em relação ao uso da fumaça ou sua ausência. A casca de café e a semente de mamona não interferiram no desenvolvimento populacional, sugerindo que estes compostos não foram tóxicos. Pode-se concluir que o uso de sementes de mamona e casca de café na fumaça pode representar importante ferramenta para a redução da defensividade, sem promover toxicidade para A. mellifera.Palavras-chave: apicultura, defensividade, manejo.ABSTRACT. Natural products in the defensive behaviour of Apis mellifera L. The goal was to investigate the influence of natural products such as lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), dried avocado leaves (Persea americana), coffee husk (Coffea arabica) and castor bean (Ricinus communis) in the defense of Apis mellifera, as well the effect of these products on the population development of the beehive. Defensive behavior was evaluated by time of first sting (TFS) and number of stingers (NS), and population development, by open brood area and operculated brood. It was observed that the treatment with smoke + seven castor beans presented significant increase in the TFS, for treatment without and with smoke. Regarding NS, it was verified that the treatments with smoke + seven castor bean and smoke + 20% coffee husk were different from the treatment without and with smoke. The other treatments did not differ significantly with respect to the use of smoke or its absence. The application of coffee husk and castor bean did not interfere in the development of the population, suggesting that these compounds were not toxic. It can be concluded that the use of castor bean and coffee husk in smoke may represent an important tool for the reduction of defensiveness, without promoting toxicity for A. mellifera.
Music therapy is related to art, science and education and can be used in different methodologies and goals. For the purpose of reducing diseases, stress, encouraging physical and psychological health, music could be studied and used as a tool to animal welfare. Among the animals production, the economic activity of pig farming is of great importance in world agribusiness. Pig meat is the most consumed meat on the planet. Thus, the objective of the research was to analyze the influence of the music therapy in the production of pigs in the growing phase raised in open pen, assessing the welfare and behavior of the animals. The study was carried out in the southeastern region of Brazil, in the city of Piracicaba-SP with coordinates of latitude 22º 43 '31 "S and longitude 47º 38' 57" W, during the month of September 2015. Among the behaviors analyzed, it was verified that the agonistic presented statistical differences between the pen without music and the pen with music. For the behavior ludic ones, there was difference for animal interaction. After analyzed the results of this research, is possible conclude that exists a tendency of music therapy to have a positive influence in the behavior and welfare of the growing pigs raised in open pens.
In order to evaluate the influence of diesel emissions on cardiac function we extracted resting R-R interval and a body activity index derived on a distribution profile of R-R interval. After seven months of exposure in rats revealed that particulate matter in diesel emissions decreases resting R-R interval and activity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.