The article describes the main problem of making a decision about the possibility and effectiveness of the use of fiber-optic communication facilities on communication lines with random parameters. As an example, fiber-optic communication lines of a trusted operator or an adversary are considered. The main reason is indicated, which is the lack of methods that allow predicting the possibility and expediency of using specific fiber-optic communication facilities in given environmental conditions. The necessity of developing and applying a probabilistic mathematical model of a fiber-optic linear path is explained as the basis of the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of fiber-optic communication means. An analysis of existing mathematical models is given and their shortcomings and imperfections are indicated. A probabilistic mathematical model of the fiber-optic linear path has been developed, which allows calculating the numerical characteristics of the quality indicators of the fiber-optic linear path: Optical Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (OSNR) and Bit Error Ratio (BER), based on the known technical data of the communication means used. The mathematical expectation of a random variable is used as a numerical characteristic, as an idealized average of OSNR and BER. Based on the mathematical expectation, other numerical characteristics are calculated, which are also used when making a decision as a risk measure, and allow us to judge its magnitude and significance. The developed probabilistic mathematical model is proposed as the basis of the efficiency assessment methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of work on communications.
The article proposes a method of using identification in automated systems that provide identification of elements of various complex systems that are in variable conditions. The existing methods do not take into account the set of variable conditions that affect the characteristics of the identified elements of a complex system, while reducing the number of favorable outcomes in the process of identifying elements in the composition of electronic means. The proposed method makes it possible to increase the reliability of identification of elements of a complex system that are in various variable conditions by creating standards and implementations that correspond to the conditions in which the identified elements of a complex system are located. A formalized algorithm for implementing the methodology is presented. The distinctive features of the developed method are the automatic determination of the reliability of recognition of elements of a complex system in non-stationary conditions.
The article describes the basic idea of coding a speech signal by the method of linear prediction (Linear Predictive Coding – LPC), which consists in the fact that instead of the parameters of the speech signal, the encoded parameters of a certain filter are transmitted over the communication line, which is, in a sense, an equivalent of the human vocal tract, as well as parameters of the excitation signal of this filter: tone or noise. The essence of the parameters of the synthesizing filter – linear prediction coefficients (LP), calculated in the process of frame-by-frame adaptive filtering – is disclosed. The main advantages of these coefficients are stated, which consists in the ability to completely describe the state of the predictor filter, as well as the main disadvantages obtained as a result of numerous studies that prevent the direct transmission of LPCs over the communication channel due to their sensitivity to quantization errors. The necessity of searching for mathematically equivalent parameters f the reducing filter is substantiated. Alternative parameters of the LSP representation of the vocal tract model, called Linear Spectral Frequencies (LSP), are proposed, and are most often used in low-speed speech codecs at the present time. The main difficulty of the task of calculating the LSP directly from the LSP in real time is described, and it is also investigated that most of the analyzer’s processor time, as a rule, is spent on this task. It is proved that despite the high level of development of digital processors, the problem of calculating the parameters of the vocal tract model in real time remains one of the main difficulties in speech coding. That is why methods that reduce the complexity of this procedure are currently of significant interest. A new method for calculating the LSP and an algorithm based on it are proposed. Its main advantages over the existing ones are described. An assessment of the possible improvement in the quality of speech processing was made, due to the use of the developed method for calculating the LSP.
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