The paper reviews environmental policies and strategies in the Nigerian oil and gas industry sector, assessing its efficiency, challenges and prospects. Essentially, the study established that the Environmental Policies and Strategies of Nigeria Oil and Gas Industry have impacted positively on the Nigerian environment over the years, especially in the area of awareness creation for all stake-holders. In terms of challenges, inefficiency of the regulators due to inadequacy of logistics, poor environmental data base, duplication and overlaps of regulators functions are some of the challenges identified. The prospect of environmental policies and strategies in Nigeria is generally considered to be bright, considering the fact that the industry is still evolving. Relevant recommendations were made on how to achieve improvements.
The study discusses the impact of climate change on aquatic lives in the Niger Delta region. To realise this, the study basically adopted a library search design of reviewing literatures of climate change impact on aquatic lives in the Niger Delta region. Meteorological data (rainfall, temperature and humidity) were also extracted from literatures to explain the evidence of climate change in the areas. The meteorological data showed that, temperature, rainfall and humidity have changed over the last 10 years. This change translates to climate change because it is at least up to a decade (10-year period), and it showed a 1.5˚C rise in temperature from 2003 to 2013 and an increase of 342.2 mm in the amount of rainfall in Niger Delta. These clearly paint the picture of global warming. Furthermore, in the same period, there was a decrease of 9% in the amount of humidity in the area. Thus, it is very clear that the climate is changing over time within this region. This certainly has some effects on the aquatic Fauna in the region. In fact, for the next 10 years, the aquatic fauna that now inhabit various habitats may no longer be able to adapt to the changes, leading to their extinction and total elimination from the habitats in question. And as such, these aquatic fauna will either modify their body structure and function in order to tolerate the change in climate, migrate to new and comfortable habitat or even stand the risk of becoming extinct. To abate the impact of climate change in the region, introduction of new water management reform and policy implementation, and carbon sequestration amongst others were recommended. This electronic document is a "live" template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document.
Nigeria discovered crude oil in 1956. Instead of making sustainable economic progress since, the country spiraled into serious economic waste and loss, due to pollution from crude oil, corruption, neglect of the oil producing regions and high handedness of the IOCs/NOCs. Today, not only are legitimate oil exploration pipelines leaking oil into the environment, illegal artisanal refineries are contributing to pollution problems and by extension economic and health effects. This study thus investigated, effects of artisanal refinery on the environment, public health and socio-economic development of communities in the Niger Delta Region. The cross-sectional research design was used in this study. The target population comprised of illegal bunkering/artisanal refining sites and households that dwell within the artisanal refinery sites. The Taro Yamane formula was used to determine the sample sizes for state and 400 was realized for each state. 1324 artisanal refining sites were determined and using Taro Yamane equation 313 sites were derived. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for data analysis. The study found that, locals complained about how artisanal refineries affected their environment, health and economics. These effects varied spatially based on the result of the Kruskal Wallis test at P<0.05. However, some of the locals identified that, despite the environmental pollution because of illegal artisanal refining in the area, some economic gains abound. It is therefore the position of this study that artisanal refining be improved, so that the environmental and health effects be reduced, while making room for sustainable economic development.
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