Field experiments were carried out on silty clay loam soil at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate, during two consecutive growing seasons. Summer season 2007 and winter season 2007/2008 to evaluate the effect and residual effects of oil seed residues of jojoba and /or castor bean as soil amendments on improving some physical and hydrophysical soil properties. The rates of jojoba and castor bean seed residues were 0.0, 1.0 and 2.0 ton/fed. for each amendment which added before planting in the first season, while mineral fertilizers rates were 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 of the recommended dose for each crop. The experiments were conducted in a split-split plot design with three replicates. The obtained results can be summarized as follows :-1-Soil penetration resistance decreased with all added treatments, also, by increasing the addition rates of these amendments, soil penetration resistance was decreased. 2-The soil bulk density (Db) decreased in all treatments, while total soil porosity (E) and void ratio (e) take the opposite trend. 3-The settling percentage of the soil was decreased in all treatments, indicating a higher degree of structural stability. 4-The values of pore size distribution (large, medium and micro pores as a percent of total porosity) were significantly increased in the two growing seasons. 5-Soil hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and soil moisture content, i.e., saturation percent (SP), field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP) available water (AW) and soil moisture content just before harvesting (θw) were significantly increased in all treatments in the two growing seasons. 6-Water consumption (Cu) was decreased and water use efficiency (WUE) was increased with all treatments of the two seasons. 7-From the above results, it is more useful to use those treatments (jojoba and / or castor bean seed residues) as soil amendments to markedly improve both physical and hydro physical properties under silty clay loam soils. Keywords: Oil seed residues, jojoba, castor bean, soil amendments, physical and hydro physical properties, maize and wheat plants.

Two successive cultivation seasons (winter season 2006/2007 and summer season 2007) were conducted in field experiments on silty clay loam soil at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate. The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design with three replicates to study the effect and residual effects of organic and inorganic phosphorus using farmyard manure (FYM) as a source of organic phosphorus, rock phosphate (RP) and supper phosphate (SP) as a source of inorganic phosphorus on some soil chemical properties and phosphorus fractions. Furthermore, economical analysis was done by calculating the net income. The obtained results can be summarized as follows:-1-The use of organic and inorganic phosphorus lead to a slightly decreases in soil reaction (pH) and progressive increases in soil salinity (EC), soluble ions (Ca, Mg, Na, HCO3, Cl and SO4), total soluble salts (TSS) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). 2-The mean values in the two seasons showed that the effect of organic phosphorus (FYM) on soil chemical properties was more pronounced than the effect of inorganic phosphorus additions (rock phosphate and supper phosphate). 3-The distribution values of inorganic P, i.e., easily soluble P (labile-P fraction), Al-P fraction, Fe-P fraction and Ca-P fraction were increased with increasing the addition of OP with RP and SP. Also, the labile-P fraction, Al-P fraction and Fe-P fraction as a percent of the total P were increased by increasing all added treatments, except the Ca-P fraction as a percent of total P which was decreased with increasing all added treatments. 4-The mean values of total P of soil were increased with increasing all added treatments. The highest values were recorded by addition of 30 m 3 /fed OM with 200 Kg/fed RP and 150 Kg/fed SP which gave 12.63 and 14.93 µg/g soil, comparing with the control which recorded 4.54 and 4.66 µg/g soil in the first and second seasons, respectively. 5-Economical analysis indicate that the addition of 30 m 3 /fed. OM with 200 Kg/fed RP and 150 Kg/fed SP was the most valuables compared with the other treatments. Also, it gave the highest net income (8263.96 LE/fed) as compared with the control which gave the lowest value (4798.86 LE/fed.). 6-Results reveal that it is useful to use the treatments of organic and inorganic phosphorus represented by (OM, RP and SP) to get a markedly improvement in soil chemical properties which reflect on higher yield incorporated with high net income under silty clay loam soils.

Field experiments were carried out on clay soil at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate, during two consecutive growing seasons, summer season 2010 and winter season 2010/2011.The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design as split-split plot with three replicates to study the effect of three irrigation intervals with phosphorus application to soil and foliar spray of ascobin (ascorbic and citric acids) to plants on growth and yield of maize, wheat crops and some soil properties. Furthermore economical analysis was done by calculating the net income for every treatment.The obtained results could be summarized as follows:-1-Increasing irrigation intervals significantly increased values of soil bulk density and water use efficiency, while total soil porosity, hydraulic conductivity, soil moisture content just before harvesting and water consumption take the opposite direction during the two growing seasons. 2-Decreasing irrigation intervals significantly decreased soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soluble cations and anions, total soluble salts (TSS) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and significantly increased available nutrients N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the soil. 3-Increasing phosphorus applications rate significantly increased water consumption, water use efficiency, yield and its components, electrical conductivity (EC), availability of macro and micronutrients of the soil and its concentrations and uptake in grains in both seasons. 4-Foliar application of ascobin significantly increased water consumption, water use efficiency, concentrations and uptake of macro and micronutrients N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu of maize and wheat grains and yield and its components. While foliar application with ascobin had no effects on soil physical or chemical properties. 5-Cost benefit analysis revealed that the most valuable combination is irrigation every two weeks in the first season (maize plants) and every four weeks in the second one (wheat plants) at 100% of the recommended dose of phosphorus in both seasons with ascobin foliar application.

Field experiments were conducted on clay loam soil during two successive seasons. Summer season 2017 using maize plants and winter season 2017/2018 using barley plants at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate, to evaluate the effect and residual effects of compost rates placed in moles 30 cm depth, arranged in parallel orientation with respect to one another and spaced at 3 m apart or placed on the surface soil layers besides the nitrogen fertilizer rates on improving soil physical and hydrophysical properties. Furthermore, economical analysis was done by calculating the net income for every treatment to determine the economical value. The rates of compost were 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t fed. -1 , while the nitrogen rates were 0.0, 50, 75 and 100 % of the recommended dose for every growing crop. The experiments were conducted in split-split plot arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Results can be summarized as follows:-1-Soil penetration resistance significantly decreased with increasing the addition rates of compost and depths. 2-The soil bulk density (Db) significantly decreased under different compost rates and depths, while total soil porosity (E) and void ratio (e) took the opposite trend. 3-The settling percentage of the soil was significantly decreased with increasing of compost rates and depths, indicating a higher degree of structural stability. 4-The values of pore size distribution (large, medium and micro pores as a percent of total porosity) were significantly increased in the two growing seasons. 5-Soil hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and soil moisture content, i.e., saturation percent (SP), water field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), available water (AW) and soil moisture content just before harvesting (θw) were significantly increased for the two seasons, with increasing the rates of compost. 6-Water consumption (Cu) was decreased and water use efficiency (WUE) was increased in all treatments of the two seasons. 7-Cost benefit analysis revealed that the most valuable treatment was adding compost (5.0 t fed. -1 ) in 30 cm mole depth with 100 % of the recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer for each crop, since it gave the highest net income. 8-From the above results, it is more useful to use of compost filled moles with different rates and nitrogen fertilizers to markedly improve both physical and hydro physical properties under clay loam soil.

A field experiment was carried out on clayey soil during seasons 1996/1997 and 1997 at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research station, El-Gharbia Governorate to find out the effect of some natural soil amendments saw-dust (S.D), Wheat straw (W.S), shell of peanut (S.P), plant residual (P.R), and farmyard manure (FYM) on some physical and hydrophysical soil properties.Bulk density tended to a significant decrease while total porosity tended to a significant increase with application of the studied amendments as the amendment level in the soil increased. On the other hand, hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate were significant increased compared with the control treatment. The best treatment was FYM at the application rate of 30 m 3 /fed.Application of these amendments caused an increase in moisture content at the different suctions, where the highest values were recorded for the FYM treatment and the lowest ones were obtained with saw-dust application. The higher the amendment content is the greater the water content at any particular suction. The increase in water content was greater at lower suctions than at the higher suctions. The available water storage capacity increased with increasing the added amount of amendment.The results suggest that these amendments may increase the ability of clayey soil to store water for plant use.