The purpose of the research is a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of methods to diagnose eimeriosis in turkeys and the species identification.Materials and methods. A comparative effectiveness assessment of life-time diagnostic methods for eimeriosis in turkey poults was conducted using coproscopic examinations: with sodium chloride alone, and with sodium chloride and glycerin according to Darling; with sodium chloride and glucose according to McMaster; and with sodium chloride alone according to Fülleborn. The diagnostic strength of different methods was evaluated with Eimeria oocysts artificially placed in standard litter samples free from infection. Morphological examinations and characteristics determination of Eimeria species in the turkey poults were conducted in the laboratory after the completed sporulation.Results and discussion. The diagnostic strength of the Fülleborn’s flotation method for turkey eimeriosis was 62.4%, 79.2% for the combined Darling1 methods, 85.6% for the combined Darling2 methods, and 90.4% for the McMaster’s methods. The combined Darling’s and McMaster’s methods used by us provide, according to their technology, for double centrifugation: water settling and flotation with saline, thus the microscopically examined sample contained not so many feed residues or other particles, which affected the diagnostic strength of the method. The young turkeys from the Penza and Moscow Regions’ farms were found to have the following types of Eimeria: Eimeria meleagrimitis in 62–80%, E. meleagridis in 15–16%, E. adenoides in 5–13%, and E. gallopavonis in 9%. E. meleagrimitis and E. meleagridis dominated on the turkey farms in the said regions. E. adenoides and E. gallopavonis were significantly less common.
Peasant farms are important in sustainable development of rural areas in the Astrakhan region. Moreover, they are the main producers of agricultural products in the region, the main place of employment and the main source of income for the rural population. In the research an analysis of the industrial and social infrastructure of peasant farms of the Astrakhan region was made. So, surveys of peasant farms showed that farmers prefer to create their own production infrastructure. The creation of inter-farm production infrastructure on the basis of cooperation has not received a large development in the region. According to the population settlement, farms were divided into three types-a croft, a farmhouse and mixed farm. The farmer's most preferred type of resettlement is a croft. A farmhouse is less common because most peasant farms cannot raise their social infrastructure at their own expense. Analysis of economic and financial activities of peasant farms showed that the farm profit in market economy is formed during product selling. Therefore, the main task of a farmer is to find the most profitable sales channels. To increase efficiency of peasant farms it is important to develop various forms of cooperation and integration.
The purpose of the research is developing a method for disinfection of environmental objects against coccidia oocysts in broiler chickens.Materials and methods. At the VNIIP – FSC VIEV vivarium, a bioassay test was performed to experimentally infect 60 chickens aged 14 days which were divided into six equivalent groups of 10 birds each and kept isolated in cages. Chickens from the first, second and third groups were administered orally, using a micropipette, 1 ml of an Eimeria oocyst suspension treated with 4, 5 and 6% solutions of the combined eimeriocide agent. Chickens from the fourth group were administered 1 ml of Eimeria oocyst suspension treated with 4% phenol solution (base drug). Chickens from the fifth group received 1 ml of a buffered solution and were used as a noninfected control. Chickens from the sixth group received 1 ml of suspension containing 2000 oocysts/mL and were used as an infected control. The efficacy of disinfection with eimeriocide and the basic drug was determined based on the percentage of decrease in the recovery of Eimeria oocysts after being exposed to drugs as compared to chickens of the infected control. The efficacy of 5% eimeriocide against poultry coccidia oocysts in a production test was determined empirically with the set of oocysts on control sites as compared with the basic drug on a poultry farm in the Moscow Region.Results and discussion. The intense-effectiveness of 4% eimeriocide against coccidia oocysts was 99.31%, and the 5 and 6% combined agent showed 100% efficacy. The basic drug, 4% phenol showed 74.65% intense-effectiveness. The results obtained in the production test of 5% eimeriocide at a dose of 0.5 l per 1 m2 with a 2 hour-exposure indicate its high efficacy for disinfection against coccidia oocysts in broiler chickens. The intense-effectiveness was 97.25% versus 59.03% efficacy of the base drug, phenol.
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