The absorption and fluorescence spectra of Nd3+ in NdCl3 diluted by LaCl3 have been examined with their Zeeman effect at 4.2° and less completely also at 77°K. The empirical energy-level diagram is complete up to 28 000 cm−1 except for the location of the 2K term. Crystal Stark splittings, magnetic properties, and intensities are compared to calculated values obtained from an intermediate coupling calculation of the 4f3 configuration.
I present an orderly, top-down scheme for constructing laboratory courses. Start by choosing and defining an explicit set of goals. Take special care with such higher level goals as organizational skills, work habits, communication, and ‘‘maturity.’’ Then evaluate the needed degree of coverage of the various goals, pick methods of instruction, and design the units of the course so each goal receives the appropriate relative emphasis. In all stages, be guided by recent results in the field of cognitive science.
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