Characterisation and reproduction studies of Amazonian species are extremely important for the recovery and preservation of this biome. The objective of this study was to morphologically characterise the fruits and seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum, as well as to verify the influence of seed mass and methods for breaking dormancy. Two evaluation periods consisting of 100 fruits and 500 seeds were analysed for morphological parameters. An experimental design of a complete randomised 2 × 3 × 3 factorial scheme was used to assess the effect of time in storage, mass and breaking dormancy. The important factors consisted of two periods (one and five months after seed collection), three classes of seed mass (< 0.877 g, 0.887-1.09 g and > 1.09 g) and two methods for breaking dormancy (sulphuric acid and mechanical scarification + control group) were identified. The evaluated parameters were germination, germination speed index, stem diameter, average germination time, radicle length, seedling height and the fresh and dry weights of root, shoot and total biomass. Mechanical scarification and sulphuric acid immersion promoted breaking dormancy in seeds of E. contortisiliquum, while the medium and large seeds showed better initial development. Mechanical scarification is recommended for breaking the seed dormancy of this species.
ECE appears to be a good method for detecting lesions in which there is suspicion of esophageal cancer and it had modest results in regard to the accurate identification of BE length and pattern. ECE is not a good method for detecting hiatal hernia. Further studies are needed in order to define the definitive role of ECE in BE monitoring.
Hyperplastic gastric polyps are often found at GI endoscopy and are not considered premalignant lesions, although some cases of malignancy have been reported. Neuroendocrine tumors, conversely, are rare and account for approximately 1% to 2% of gastric polyps. Both hyperplastic gastric polyps and neuroendocrine tumors are related to gastric atrophy. The case of a hyperplastic polyp with multifocal areas of adenocarcinoma within the polyp associated to multiple gastric neuroendocrine tumors is reported.
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