Following the early studies of Moniz and Lima, psychosurgery had considerable scientific credibility until the advent of modern antipsychotics in the mid 1950s. Thereafter, psychosurgery was almost abandoned in large medical centers as a common treatment for schizophrenia, although is still used for some affective and anxiety disorders. We reviewed relevant papers cited in the Medline/Index Medicus, Cochrane, and Scielo databases from 1930 to 2012. In our review of the literature, we show from recent studies that there are still many patients with schizophrenia who have serious deficits even after being treated with current noninvasive therapies. The value of psychosurgery remains controversial. There are no data available to support the use of stereotactic procedures for schizophrenia. Well designed controlled trials are needed to establish the effectiveness of psychosurgery in patients with schizophrenia.
A agressividade humana é condição que apresenta grande impacto social. Seu tratamento permanece controverso. Várias teorias sobre sua etiologia, substratos biológicos, genéticos e socioculturais foram propostas para justifi cá-la. Os autores apresentam revisão sumária sobre bases anatômicas e neuroquímicas, aspectos psiquiátricos e ético-legais da agressividade sobre a seleção e indicações dos procedimentos terapêuticos cirúrgicos destinados a seu controle.
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