Serum concentrations of erythropoietin (EPO) were determined by immunoassay in 45 patients with thalassemia intermedia (TI). The mean serum level of EPO was significantly higher in the thalassemic patients than in the controls, but transfused subjects had lower pretransfusional serum concentrations of EPO than untransfused ones. An inverse relationship between the serum values of EPO and total hemoglobin was observed only in the untransfused thalassemic patients. These data suggest that in TI, even a low transfusional regimen may cause a decrease in serum concentration of EPO, independent of the level of total Hb.

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