Quantitative imaging of stray fields and magnetization distributions in hard magnetic element arraysA magneto-optically active glass was used to image the magnetic field distribution in superconductors using the Faraday effect. Polarized white light illumination of the glass resulted in. various colors depending on the setting of the analyzing polaroid. These colors are shown to be consistent with the known dependence of the Faraday rotation angle on the applied magnetic field, the temperature of the glass, and the wavelength of the light. This technique was used to observe field distributions in poly crystalline and single-crystal YBa Z Cu 3 0 7 samples. In the ceramic sample, the field was uniform within the resolution (50 Itm) of this technique and field magnitudes were measured with a 10% accuracy. In the single crystal, the magnetic field distribution was not uniform showing field gradients imaged as color gradients on the pictures of the glass. Contours of constant magnetic field were drawn from these photographs and from these, a critical current density of 10 9 A/m 2 was deduced in an external field of 136 mT.
Preliminary results of producing Cu–Y–Ba metallic precursors to high Tc superconductors by high energy ball milling are reported. Mechanical alloying of Cu, Y, and Ba powders (various stoichiometries) produced either amorphous, mixed crystalline/amorphous, or fine grained crystalline powders, as shown by their x-ray spectra. None of the powders exhibited flux exclusion down to a temperature of 1.4 K. The YBa2Cu3 precursor consisted of a mixture of crystalline phases. After being pressed into a pellet and sintered, it was found to be superconducting at liquid nitrogen temperatures.
Using a magneto-optical technique, we have nondestructively imaged macroscopic variations in magnetic flux that penetrate laser-ablated, c-axis oriented, epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting films deposited on crystalline (100)SrTiO3 substrates. Flux penetration into YBa2Cu3O7 films in an externally applied magnetic field is enhanced at crystalline substrate defect sites. A relationship between flux penetration and substrate defects is experimentally demonstrated with a YBa2Cu3O7 film deposited on an intentionally degraded crystalline SrTiO3 surface.
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