Visual motor coordination (VMC) is the coordination of the motions and their elements resulting from the collaborative and simultaneous activity of the visual and motor analyzers required for daily activities, sports, and professional activities. The development of VMI begins in the early childhood and proceeds throughout human life being the most active within the first 10 years. VMC is a part of visual motor integration (VMI) defined as a complex combination of skills to correctly execute the movements of arms, legs, and body. The potential causes of impaired VMI are arrested development due to living conditions, organization of teaching, individual developmental or health characteristics; nervous system diseases (i.e., head injuries, cerebrovascular disorders, intoxication etc.); and, in particular, visual impairments. Since the quality of visual functions is an important component of good VMC, its generation and development require adequate vision correction. It was demonstrated that the degree of myopia may affect school performance in the areas requiring VMI. Optical correction of ametropias improves VMC. This should be considered when managing patients (in particular, children) with refractive errors. Keywords: visual motor coordination, visual and motor analyzers, visual functions, optical correction, micro-level orientation, fine motor skills, synchronization. For citation: Egorov E.A., Romanova T.B., Rybakova E.G. Visual motor integration: generation, development, and its importance for ophthalmology. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(1):14–17. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-14-17.
In today’s world, the extensive visual load increases the demands on the quality of optical correction. Inadequate optical correction results in additional load on the accommodation system of the eye, increased fatigue, and complaints of asthenopia. Full optical correction is an essential requirement for the correct functioning of a visual analyzer. However, if baseline impairments of accommodation response (fusion) are not considered, full optical correction (eyeglasses or contact lenses) provokes visual discomfort. Daily disposable contact lenses (CL) with power change for each additional month is helpful in these cases, thereby allowing for a stepwise transition to the complete correction of ametropias and recovery of physiological accommodation, convergence, and better central and binocular vision quality. Prescription of spherical (not toric) CL, whose optical power was calculated by the spherical equivalent of sphero-cylindrical correction, is a typical error when correcting low astigmatism. This error negatively affects accommodative response and visual working capacity. A complete correction of astigmatism (even a low one) is required for visual recovery to reduce visual fatigue and improve working capacity and academic performance. When prescribing optical correction, binocular vision patterns and a dominant eye should be considered. Keywords: astigmatism, accommodation, binocular vision, visual discomfort, asthenopia, toric soft contact lenses. For citation: Lobanova I.V., Rybakova E.G., Romanova T.B. Clinical examples of the effective correction of low astigmatism for improving vision. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):249–252 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-249-252.
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