The present study was carried out for the comparison of six pomegranate cultivars namely: Manfalouty, Nab El-Gamal, Wardy, Araby, Badr and Tahrir grown at the experimental farm of the Hort. Res. Instit., station at Seds, Beni-Suef Governorate of middle Egypt region during the two growing seasons of 2007 and 2008.The present study included the different polymorphism variances as ; vegetative growth, flowering, yield, fruit quality and rooting ability of the six pomegranate cultivars. In this respect, Manfalouty and Tahrir cultivars were superior in most of vegetative growth characteristics. On the other hand, Badr cv. had the lowest values in most of these growth characteristics. The highest percentage of perfect flowers / tree was recorded for Araby and Tahrir cvs. and the lowest one was for Nab El-Gamal cultivar. Manfalouty and Wardy cvs. gave higher percentage of fruit set while Badr cultivar recorded the lowest values. Moreover, Nab El-Gamal and Manfalouty exhibited the highest yield (kg / tree), fruit weight, length, diameter & volume and juice volume while Badr cv. gave the least ones. The highest percentage of fruit grain was in Tahrir cultivar. As for fruit juice chemical characteristics (total acidity; total soluble sugars; vitamin (c); ascorbic acid; total anthocyanin and tannins), in general, the best cultivars were Manfalouty, Nab El-Gamal, Wardy and Tahrir. Cuttings of Badr and Tahrir cultivars gave the highest rooting percentage with tallest root while Nab El-Gamal had the highest number of roots in both experimental seasons. It is worthy to mention that, it can be recommended with Nab El-Gamal, Manfalouty, Wardy and Tahrir cultivars (the yield more than 30 kg/tree) to be planted in Beni-Suef Governorate representing the Middle Egypt region and are preferable than Badr and Araby pomegranate cultivars.
An experiment was conducted under saran house at the Nursery of Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt during 2013 and 2014 seasons to examine the effect of some growing media, viz. compost + sand at 1:1, 1:2 or 1: 3 ratios, by volume and olive pomace + sand at the same ratio as suitable alternatives for traditional media (either loam + sand or peatmoss + sand at 1:2, v/v for each) usually used for transplanting rooted olive cuttings, transplanting times (on spring or autumn) and their interactions on growth and quality of rooted olive cuttings cv. Aggezi transplanted after 1, 2 or 3 months from rooting start for each time in 10-cm-diameter black plastic bags filled with about 1 kg of one of the aforementioned media. Results indicated that survival (%) of transplants was significantly increased by planting the rooted cuttings in compost + sand (1: 2, v/v) and olive pomace + sand (1: 1 or 1: 2, v/v) media, as these two media gave the highest percentages in most cases of both seasons. The first period (of spring) recorded the highest survival (%) for rooted cuttings transplanted after one month compared to those of the second period (of autumn), while the two periods alternatively scored the highest percent of survival for rooted cuttings transplanted after either 2 or 3 months from rooting commencement. However, the best survival (%) at all was attained by transplanting in either compost + sand or olive pomace + sand media (1: 2, vol. for each) on either first or second period. The results also showed that most vegetative and root growth parameters of the produced transplants were greatly improved by planting in either compost + sand (1 : 2, v/v) or olive pomace + sand (1 : 1or 1:2, v/v) media regardless of time of planting (either in spring or in autumn), but the mastery in both seasons was for planting in compost + sand (1 : 2, v/v) medium that recorded the highest means in most characters. The content of total chlorophyll in the leaves was significantly decreased in response to various treatments applied in such study, except of planting in sand amended with compost at 2: 1 or 3: 1, v/v which gave values greatly near to those registered by control media in the only 1 st season. Hence, it can be recommended to transplant the rooted cuttings of olive cv. Aggezi in compost + sand (1 : 2, v/v) medium at any period of the year as a more suitable and cheaper medium than peatmoss + sand one.
The Egyptian olive industry requires new selected genotypes to address the need of modern production. In order to produce new genotypes for table olives, olive oil, or dual purpose varieties, breeding program was initiated in Egypt in 1994, by crossing between local and foreign cultivars. During three years progenies from crosses between cvs. (Chemlali x Aggizi), (Aggizi x Kalamata) and (Aggizi x Koronaiki) were evaluated. The progenies have been analyzed for traits of the tree (shoot length, shoot thickness, number of nodes/shoot, internodes length (cm), the leaves (average number of leaves/shoot, leaf surface area, leaf shape) , flowering (flowering time , the length of inflorescence , number of total flowers/inflorescence, number of perfect flowers/ inflorescence, number of staminate flowers/ inflorescence, sex ratio, and fruit set/m,), fruiting (production, fruit shape, fruit weight, stone weight, flesh weight ,flesh/stone, moisture and oil content(oil percent in fresh weight and oil percent in dry weight) and rooting ability .From the obtain data it can be concluded that some valuable selections have been resulted. Such Progenies were No.24 ,26, 27and 31 for table olive; progenies No 7, 10, for oil and No. 33, 38, 39 for dual purpose. Conclusion Thus, all the best selected progenies were propagated and planted in three locations, to evaluate their performance in different geographical areas. Performance included i.e., tree growth, yield, fruit characteristics, oil content and oil compositions in fatty acids. There comes the necessity to study quantitative and qualitative traits of olive production.
The olive (Olea europaea) is one of the most important oleaginous crops of the Mediterranean basin. Increased demand for olive oil creates a need for new olive varieties to help meet the requirements of the global market. Rapid technological changes in olive growing have increased interest in breeding programs and new cultivars. A breeding program aimed at selecting new dual purpose (i.e. oil and table olive) cultivars, began in Egypt in 1994. A three successive years evolution (2011, 2012 and 2013) was conducted on progenies resulted from crosses between (Koronaki x Hamed), (Manzanello x Hamed) (Picual x Hamed) and (Arbquine x Hamed). The progenies have been analyzed for some tree growth traits, growth, blooming, fruiting, fruit quality and rootability. The obtained data, concluded that some valuable selections have resulted from this study progenies No. 73, 91 and 100 for table olive, whereas progenies No. 42, 47, 71, 89 and 98 for oil besides, progenies No. 57 and 59 for dual purpose. Thereupon, it is preferable to propagate all the best selected progenies and planted in three locations, in order to evaluate their performance (i.e., tree growth, yield, fruit characteristics, oil content and oil compositions in fatty acids) in different geographical areas. It remains necessary to study quantities and qualitative traits of olive production in more detail, for the most interesting selections.
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