The fossil woods described in this paper form the first report from the Himalayan foot-hills near Oodlabari, a small town on Siliguri-Guwahati Highway, Darjeeling District, West Bengal. These belong to the extant genera Baubinia Linn. and Diospyros Linn. of the families fabaceae and Ebenaceae, respectively and have been described as Baubiniumpalaeo malabaricum Prakash & Prasad and Ebenoxylon miocenicum Prakash. They indicate the prevalence of tropical humid climate in the foot-hills during Siwalik sedimentation.

Eight fossil wood species are described from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Nawargaon, Wardha District, Maharashtra. India. The fossil flora, so far, recovered from the Nawargaon area indicates that tropical evergreen forests with some moist deciduous plants were nourishing around Nawargaon area in Central India during Early Tertiary in contrast to mixed deciduous type of present day forest. The habit and habitat of the modem comparable taxa suggest prevalence of tropical humid climate in the area during Early-Tertiary.

The present study highlights for the first time recovery of the Lower Siwalik palynoassemblage comprising algal, fungal, pteridophytic spores, gymnosperms and angiosperm pollen from an exposed section on Nahan-Ponta Saheb Road, Himachal Pradesh. The qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed that the algal and fungal spores are dominated by angiosperms, followed by pteridophytes and gymnosperms. The angiosperms show their maximum percentage in the total assemblage. Algal remains are feeble in number. The important taxa recovered are: Psiloschizosporis microreticulatus sp. nov., Notothyrites sp., Lacrimasporonites barrelicus sp. nov, Lygodiumsporites lakiensis Saxena, Polypodiisporites perverrucatus Nandi, Crassoretitriletes vanraadshooveni Germeraad et al., Todisporites kutchensis Sah & Kar, Pinuspollenites crestus Kar, Araucariacites sp., Podocarpidites ruminatus sp. nov., Palmaepollenites kutchensis Venkatachala & Kar, Palmidites naviculus Kar & Saxena, Palaeomalvaceaepollis mammilatus Kar, Retimonosulcites circularis sp. nov., Retitribrevicolporites nahanensis sp. nov., Ligulifloraedites pilatus Kar, Pseudonothofagidites kutchensis Kar, Meliapollis quadrangularis (Ramanujam) Sah & Kar. On the basis of their affinities with modern equivalents, a humid tropical to subtropical climate has been indicated encompassing some fresh water bodies during the deposition of these sediments in this area. The gymnospermous taxa (cf. Pinus, Podocarpus and Araucaria) were possibly derived from uplands of nearby area.

Fossil woods collected in situ for the first time from the Holocene sediments of Purniyagiri area near Tanakpur, Champawat District, Uttarakhand have been studied in detail. The anatomical features like, medium to large vessels, broad, heterogeneous rays and presence of gum canals in concentric rings and vasicentric tracheids indicate its affinity with the modern woods of Shorea Roxb. of the family Dipterocarpaceae. The presence of fossil wood of this taxon in the Holocene sediments is phytogeographically important.