Photovoltalc (PV) power systems offer the prospect of allowing a utility company to meet part of the daily peak system load using a renewable resource. Unfortunately, some utilities have peak system-toad periods that do not match the peak production hours of a PV system. Adding a battery energy storage system to a grid-connected PV power system will allow dispatching the stored solar energy to the grid at the desired times. flatteries, however, pose system limitations in terms of energy efficiency, maintenance, and cycle life. A new control system has been developed, based on available PV equipment and a data acquisltion system, that seeks to minimize the limitations imposed by the battery system while maximizing the use of PV energy. Maintenance requirements for the flooded batteries are reduced, cycle life Is maximized, end the battery is operated over an efficient range of states of charge. This paper presents design details and Initial performance results on one of the first installed control systems of this type.
Do ponto de vista da segurança de tensão, barras críticas são: i) aquelas para as quais a transmissão de potência ativa e reativa se encontra perto de um máximo permissível e ii) aquelas onde ações de controle de tensão podem ter conseqüências opostas ao esperado. Uma vez detectadas a existência dessas barras críticas, pode ser recomendada a aplicação de ações de controle para tornar as condições de segurança de tensão menos severas. Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia seqüencial iterativa para reforçar as condições do sistema. Utilizando-se um sistema de 34 barras, mostra-se a eficácia da diminuição do fluxo de potência ativa no "ramo crítico" do "caminho de transmissão mais carregado", conceitos estes, introduzidos neste artigo. Maximum power transmission and inadequate voltage control are the two main aspects associated with voltage security analysis. Once critical buses are found by the assessment function, enhancement control actions may recommended. This paper presents a sequential iterative methodology to reinforce system conditions. A 34-bus system is used to show the adequacy and efficiency of the power flow reduction through the "critical branch" of the "most loaded transmission path". Both concepts are introduced in this paper
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