İt is known that there is a relationship between some diseases and blood groups. The objective of our study is to investigate how often ABO and Rh blood groups are seen in benign thyroid diseases, especially in autoimmune-mediated thyroid diseases, and hence whether there is an association between blood groups and thyroid diseases. A total of 958 patients who were followed due to any benign thyroid disease were included in the study. The study population comprised 958 patients, 550 with Hashimoto's hypothyroidism, 160 with non-Hashimoto's hypothyroidism, 103 with iatrogenic hypothyroidism, 93 with central hypothyroidism, and 28 with Graves' and 24 with non-Graves' hyperthyroidism. Of the patients, 47.1% belonged to the O blood group, 30% to the A blood group, 15.2% to the B blood group, and 7.7% to the AB blood group while 90% were Rh-positive. The ratio of those with the O blood group was determined to be significantly higher in the Hashimoto's hypothyroidism group compared to the other disease groups. In the non-Hashimoto's hypothyroidism group, however, the ratio of the AB blood group was statistically significantly higher. While autoimmune diseases were more common in those with the O blood group, they were significantly lower in the AB blood group (p < 0.001). In our study, we determined that the ratio of the O blood group was significantly higher among patients with hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These findings imply that there might be a relation between O blood group and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Zusammenfassung. Anhand von 80 Patienten mit klinisch typischen Symptomen einer Neuritis nervi optici wurde die Charakteristik and die Defekttiefe der initial erhobenen Gesichtsfeldbefunde ausgewertet. Neben der Visusprufung and der Untersuchung des vorderen and des hinteren Augenabschnittes wurde eine computerperimetrische Schwellenwertbestimmung des zentralen 30° Gesichtsfeldes durchgefuhrt (Humphrey Field Analyzer Program 30/2). Es wurden die Gesichtsfelder von insgesamt 20 mannlichen and 60 weiblichen Patienten beurteilt. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten lag bei 31,9 ± 11,3 Jahren. Bei 64% der Patienten handelte es sich um eine Erstmanifestation. Der Visus des betroffenen Auges bei bester Korrektur betrug 0,62 ± 0,47.In 86% der Falle handelte es sich um eine ausschlielllich monokulare Symptomatik, bei 14% waren die funktionellen Ergebnisse jedoch beiderseits pathologisch verandert. Es wurde ein ,,typisch" zentrozoekales Skotom nur bei 32% der Patienten gefunden, in alien anderen Fallen handelte es sich entweder um Quadrantenausfalle, Halbseitenausfalle, Faserverlaufsausfalle oder unspezifische Gesichtsfeldveranderungen. Das Vorliegen eines zentrozoekalen Skotoms ist bei einer Neuritis nervi optici mit dem Programm 30°/2 (Humphrey) keineswegs obligat. Die Anamnese, das Lebensalter, das Vorliegen der typischen Schmerzsymptomatik and vor allem der zeitliche Verlauf der funktionellen Storung, MRI and Liquordiagnostik sichern die Diagnose.Schlasselworter: Neuritis n. optici, Computerperimetrie, multiple Sklerose, Gesichtsfeld. Is there any typical visual field defect in optic nerve neuritis?Summary. Eighty patients were evaluated with typical symptoms of acute optic neuritis and the type and depth of the defect in the initial visual field findings were characterized.Anterior and posterior eye segments as well as visual acuity were examined. Additionally we assessed visual fields for the central 30° by computer assisted perimetry using Humphrey Allergan automated Field Analyzer, Program 30°/2 (Humphrey Allergan). The visual fields of 20 male and 60 female individuals were evaluated, the mean age being 31.9 ± 11.3 years. In 63.4% of our patients this was the first episode, in 36.4% had a recurrent optic neuritis. The average visual acuity of the affected eye was 0.62 ± 0.47 (Snellen) after optimal correction of refractive abnormalities. In 86%, the symptoms were monocular, whereas in the remaining 14% the function of both eyes was affected.A "typical" cecocentral scotoma was seen in only 32% of the cases. Quadrananopia, heminanopia, isolated nerve fibre defects or non-specific visual field defects were found in the remaining 68%. Thus, the presence of a cecocentral scotoma does not seem to be mandatory in optic neuritis or could not be acertained reliably when using program 30°/2. The patient's history, age, cranial MRI and primarily the timeframe of the functional loss secure the diagnosis of the disease.
Zusammenfassung. Die Abduzensparese gilt nach wie vor als die haufigste Art des paralytischen Schielens. Die Diagnose wird aufgrund der orthoptischen bzw. ophthalmologischen Untersuchung festgestellt. Beide sind allerdings nur begrenzt objektive Untersuchungsmethoden. Die Elektrookulographie stellt demgegenuber ein sehr objektives Verfahren zur Untersuchung der Augenmotilitat and der supranuklearen Augenbewegungen dar.Bei 18 Patienten mit Abduzensparese verschiedenster Genese haben wir versucht, die elektrookulographischen Befunde zu dokumentieren and sie mit den gleichzeitig durchgefuhrten orthoptischen Befunden zu vergleichen.Es zeigte sich bei der Auswertung, da3 die EOG-Werte im Schnitt niedriger waren auf dem paretischen Auge im Vergleich zum nichtparetischen Musket. Bis auf zwei Falle bildeten sich alle Paresen im Laufe der nachsten Monate zurUck. Interessanterweise zeigte sich eine Erholung des paretischen Muskets im EOG noch vor einer Anderung im orthoptischen Status. Zudem konnte man im EOG jeweils kurz vor Herstellung der normalen Muskelfunktion eine Phase mit sog. "overshoot" feststellen, wo die EOG-Werte auf dem paretischen Auge uberschieBend hoch waren. Orthoptisch war dies nicht zu erkennen.Die EOG ist somit durchaus nutzlich als zusatzliches diagnostisches Mittel bei der Abklarung von Paresen insbesondere hinsichtlich der Funktionserholung des Muskets. Schlusselworter: Abduzensparese, Elektrookulographie. Electrooculography in the diagnosis and follow-up of sixth cranial nerve palsiesSummary. Sixth nerve palsy is the most common form of paralytic strabismus. The diagnosis is usually made through orthoptic and ophthalmological examination, both of which are only of limited objectivity as examination techniques. Electrooculography (EOG), however, represents .a very objective method of measuring ocular motility and supranuclear eye movements.In the present study, 18 patients with sixth nerve palsy were examined orthoptically and then electrooculographically. The results of the two were compared.Results showed that EOG values were significantly lower in the paretic muscle when compared to the nonparetic muscle. With the exception of two cases, all palsies resolved within the following 3 months. Interestingly, the EOG values showed a restitution of muscle function before any changes were seen orthoptically. Furthermore, the paretic eye went through a period of overshoot before complete restitution of function seen in extremely high EOG values.In summary, EOG is definitely useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of sixth nerve palsies and gives an accurate reflection of the restitution of muscle function.
Renal tüberküloz akciğer tüberkülozunun lenfohematojen yayılımı sonucunda gelişir. Renal tüberkülozun en önemli bulgusu steril pyüridir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde Addison hastalığının %10-15'inden tüberküloz hastalığı sorumludur. Tüberküloza bağlı adrenal tutulum bilateral adrenal genişleme, atrofi ve kalsifikasyon şeklinde görülebilir. Mycobacterium tuberculosis komplekse bağlı adrenal bezlerin infeksiyonu hematojen yaylılım sonucu gelişir. Klinik bulguları yıllar sonra belirgin olabilir, asemptomatik infeksiyon oldukça sıktır. Bu yazıda, önceden Addison hastalığı (adrenokortikal yetmezlik) tanısı alan 60 yaşında bir kadın hastada saptanan renal tüberküloz sunuldu .
İt is known that there is a relationship between some diseases and blood groups. The objective of our study is to investigate how often ABO and Rh blood groups are seen in benign thyroid diseases, especially in autoimmune-mediated thyroid diseases, and hence whether there is an association between blood groups and thyroid diseases. A total of 958 patients who were followed due to any benign thyroid disease were included in the study. The study population comprised 958 patients, 550 with Hashimoto's hypothyroidism, 160 with non-Hashimoto's hypothyroidism, 103 with iatrogenic hypothyroidism, 93 with central hypothyroidism, and 28 with Graves' and 24 with non-Graves' hyperthyroidism. Of the patients, 47.1% belonged to the O blood group, 30% to the A blood group, 15.2% to the B blood group, and 7.7% to the AB blood group while 90% were Rh-positive. The ratio of those with the O blood group was determined to be significantly higher in the Hashimoto's hypothyroidism group compared to the other disease groups. In the non-Hashimoto's hypothyroidism group, however, the ratio of the AB blood group was statistically significantly higher. While autoimmune diseases were more common in those with the O blood group, they were significantly lower in the AB blood group (p < 0.001). In our study, we determined that the ratio of the O blood group was significantly higher among patients with hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These findings imply that there might be a relation between O blood group and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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