CRF patients are characterized by pulp obliteration, gingival and periodontal diseases. Duration of end stage renal failure and type of systemic treatment have a significant influence on the oral condition.

The aim of this retrospective study is to report the success rate of root canal treatments (RCT) using Endoflas as a filling material in primary teeth. Fifty-five (55 teeth, 27 maxillary incisors and 28 molars) of 47 children fulfilled the criteria to be included in the study. The immediate post-operative radiograph was evaluated and the root filling was rated overfilled, flush or underfilled. Thirty-one (31) teeth were overfilled; of these 9 (29%) were normal pre-operatively and the remaining 22 (71%) presented with bone pathology. Twenty-four (24) teeth were flush or underfilled; of these, 50% had preoperative bone pathology. The children were examined clinically and radiographically at follow-up visits ranging from 6 to 52 months. Approximately 70% of the cases were successful at the last followup examination. The remaining 30% presented with pathology (Po); however, only one tooth had to be extracted (Pi). Overfilling led to a success rate of 58%, while in the combined flush and underfilled the success rate was 83%.

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Sixty‐three vital permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures were treated by partial pulpotomy and assessed clinically and radiographically for healing. Healing of the pulp was considered to have taken place when the following criteria were fulfilled: absence of clinical symptoms, radiographic evidence of dentin bridge formation, no intrapulpal or periapical pathosis, continued root development in immature teeth, and a positive response to electrical pulp testing. The treatment was successful in 59 teeth (94%). In the remaining 4 teeth, necrosis of the pulp was diagnosed clinically and radiographically 3 weeks to 6 months after treatment. The high frequency of healing in both the present and previous studies seems to justify recommending partial pulpotomy as the treatment of choice in crown‐fractured teeth with pulp exposure.

A longitudinal study was undertaken to examine the changes in the sulcus probing depth, keratinized and attached gingiva during the mixed dentition period. 54 children aged 7 to 9 years at the first examination were examined twice, with an interval of 5 years. Sulcus probing depth and keratinized gingiva were examined at the buccal aspect of the incisors, and either right or left cuspids and posterior areas. The width of the attached gingiva was obtained by subtracting the probing depth from the width of the keratinized gingiva. When compared to primary predecessors, the permanent teeth had a deeper probing depth, narrower attached gingiva and at the maxillary teeth, a wider keratinized gingiva. When a permanent tooth was present at both examinations, there was a significant increase in width of the attached gingiva with a corresponding decrease in probing depth, and a slight beginning of an increase in the width of keratinized gingiva. Previous and the present findings indicate that during the early years after eruption of the permanent tooth, an increase in width of the attached gingiva takes place, without occlusal migration of the marginal gingiva whereas, at later stages, this coronal migration takes place, concomitant to tooth eruption.

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The teeth of 10,371 male and 11,013 female Israel Jews were examined. Prevalence of all hypodontia was 4.60% with no significant difference between the sexes; 2.11% lacked upper lateral incisors, the females having a significantly higher prevalence than males. Second premolars were missing in 1.87% of the population, with no significant differences between the sexes. Missing lower incisors was diagnosed in 0.68% of the children, with a higher prevalence in males. Prevalence of missing lower incisors was similar in the Ashkenazi and in the non-Ashkenazi. The teeth most frequently missing in descending order were the upper lateral incisors and the lower second premolars.