Eight yeast strains were used in three typical American processes to ferment apple juice containing 15 mg of added patulin per liter. Patulin was reduced to less than the minimum detectable level of 50 ,tg/liter in all but two cases; in all cases, the level of patulin was reduced by over 99% during alcoholic fermentation. In unfermented samples of apple juice, the concentration of added patulin declined by only 10% when the juice was held for 2 weeks, a period equivalent to the time required for fermentation.
During the course of alcoholic fermentation, 50 ppm of ' ' C-patulin added to apple juice was converted to other materials. The products were largely nonvolatile and water soluble. Little, if any, patulin was metabolized to CO,. Comparison of the thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) migration of the major patulin products from fermentation with the products of the reaction of patulin with cysteine indicated that at least 58% of the added patulin was converted to substances other than adducts of cysteine, peptides and proteins. In addition to a major TLC-immobile component (21%), at least six TLC-mobile patulin products were observed.
. Can. J. Chem. 64, 1590 (1986). Alternaria molds produce numerous mycotoxins including many a-dibenzopyrones such as alternariol (AOH) and related polyketides. AOH, presumed to be the initial a-dibenzopyrone produced, has for 20 years been considered to be biosynthesized from a single polyketide chain in a single step reaction. The present study presents evidence that the reaction may proceed through an intermediate, norlichexanthone (NLX). Bond cleavage and rearrangement of NLX to form AOH may be similar to aflatoxin B1 formation from sterigmatocystin. The 2-D INADEQUATE experiment was used to assign the I3c spectrum of AOH and to distinguish between possible mechanisms by which AOH may be synthesized from 1-13C and 2-I3C acetates via NLX.E. E. STINSON, W. B. WISE, R. A. MOREAU, A. J. JUREWCZ et P. E. PFEFFER. Can. J. Chem. 64, 1590 (1986). Les moisissures Alternaria produisent diverses mycotoxines, y compris plusieurs a-dibenzopyrones, comme l'alternariol (AOH) et des polycktides apparent&. I1 est supposC que le AOH est l'a-dibanzopyrone qui est produite initialement et, depuis plus de 20 ans, on a considkrk que ce composC est produit par une biosynthkse impliquant une seule chaine polycCtide rtagissant au cours d'une seule rkaction. Dans le present travail, on prksente des donnkes suggCrant que le rkaction procMe peut-Stre par le biais d'un intermkdiaire, la norlichexanthone (NLX). I1 est possible que le bris de la liaison et la transposition de la NLX pour former le AOH se produisent d'une faqon semblable h ce qui se produit lors de la formation de l'aflotoxine B1 B partir de la stkrigmatocystine. On a fait appel B des expkriences de 2-D INADEQUATE pour attribuer le spectre rmn du 13C du AOH et pour distinguer entre les mkcanismes possibles pour la synthkse du AOH B partir d'acktates marquCs au 13c dans les positions 1 et 2 et par le biais de la NLX.[Traduit par la revue]The Alternaria, a group of molds frequently involved in food
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