The distribution ratios of the concentrations of silica in steam to those in boiler water were determined over a range of pressures from 300 to 3140 psi, of silica concentrations in the water from 12 to 1000 ppm, and of pH values of the water from 7.8 to 12.1. Mechanical carry-over, determined by using a radioactive tracer, was insufficient to necessitate corrections to the vaporous silica carry-over data at pressures above 500 psi.
Stress-rupture data obtained from tubular specimens stressed with internal pressure are compared with data from standard tension-bar specimens from the same heats of material. Agreement between the data of the two types of specimens is poor for thick-wall tubes when the hoop stress in the tube wall is calculated on an average stress basis. Better agreement is obtained with thin-wall tubes. These results show that any design formula that neglects the variation of stress through the thickness of a tube wall is unsatisfactory for thicker tubes. A dimensionless parameter method is presented which provides satisfactory correlation of the data for three materials, four test temperatures, and a wide range of wall thickness. Several areas in which additional research would be of value are discussed.
The sodium ion electrode can also be used to indicate steam entrainment in the extraction samples. Starting with a low flow, the voltage indicated by the ion analyzer is noted. The sample flow rate is then increased, while monitoring the ion analyzer. The voltage will remain constant as long as only water is being sampled. A change in voltage indicates steam entrainment, and the sample flow rate should be decreased. From this discussion it can be seen that completely adequate instrumentation is available for implementation of the sodium tracer technique. It should be noted that the high-quality spectrophotometer is not an uncommon instrument, since it is found in most PWR plants.
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