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The high reliability and simple design of microturbines make them an attractive prime mover in the generation and distribution of electricity in the low capacity range. This paper gives an overview of microturbines in the Brazilian environment and provides a performance assessment and an economic analysis of these machines fuelled by natural gas and diesel and also an indication of their emission levels. This work was based on data that were obtained from experimental tests on microturbines operating at full and part load. The performance assessment indicated that it is possible to obtain up to 27 per cent microturbine efficiency at full load under local conditions. The nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions level of the machines tested are less than 7 ppmv@15%O 2 at full load when natural gas is the fuel. The units are therefore clean enough to be sited among residential and commercial establishments. The results of the economic analysis show that with the natural gas microturbine used in cogeneration, it is possible to achieve a payback time on capital equipment of less than 4 years. The return on the investment has improved with the favourable pricing policies of some of the natural gas distribution companies and with the rise in electricity prices in Brazil.
In the next years distributed poly-generation systems are expected to play an increasingly important role in the electricity infrastructure and market. The successful spread of small-scale generation either connected to the distribution network or on the customer side of the meter depends on diverse issues, such as the possibilities of technical implementation, resource availability, environmental aspects, and regulation and market conditions. The aim of this approach is to develop an economic and parametric analysis of a distributed generation system based on gas turbines able to satisfy the energy demand of a typical hotel complex. Here, the economic performance of six cases combining different designs and regimes of operation is shown. The software Turbomatch, the gas turbine performance code of Cranfield University, was used to simulate the off-design performance of the engines in different ambient and load conditions. A clear distinction between cases running at full load and following the load could be observed in the results. Full load regime can give a shorter return on the investment then following the load. In spite combined heat and power systems being currently not economically attractive, this scenario may change in future due to environmental regulations and unavailability of low price fuel for large centralized power stations. Combined heat and power has a significant potential although it requires favorable legislative and fair energy market conditions to successfully increase its share in the power generation market.
The interest in microturbines and new distributed generation technologies is growing in the entire world because of the many potentially beneficial characteristics they can offer and the developments achieved so far. This paper investigates the performance and degradation effects of microturbines for electric power generation. Diagnostics investigation is also carried out to obtain optimal instrumentation sets for degradation faults. Here the capacity of the gas turbines analyzed is 29kW simple and regenerative cycles. The engine performance is also analyzed operating at constant and variable speed. To simulate the gas turbine performance and carry out the diagnostic analysis the software Pythia and Turbomatch, developed by Cranfield University, were used. In this paper the engines above are simulated at degraded conditions. The effects of the degradation in the compressor, turbine and recuperator on the performance of the engines were investigated. Despite of the improvement on performance achieved with regenerative cycle and variable speed operation the results show that the performance of variable speed microturbines is more sensitive to components degradation than constant speed engines. Also recuperator degradation has greater effect on variable speed than constant speed engines. Due the effects of degradation on each engine different diagnostic approaches are observed.
In the last decades, the approach to dispatch and manage electricity in power generation plants has been one of the most difficult problems in the electricity market. Despite of all the benefits of distributed poly-generation and combined heat and power systems, their penetration in the power market worldwide is quite modest and one of the barriers against their increasing participation is the high fees for back-up supplies, which is one of the problems addressed in this investigation. This paper introduces a hybrid dynamic programming adapted priority list technique to solve the multi unit generation schedule optimization problem of a pool of independent gas turbines based power generation units. The combination of the traditional Dynamic Programming algorithm and the proposed heuristic Adapted Priority List technique allowed a significant reduction on the complexity of the original problem without rejecting the optimal solution. Despite of the power generation optimization studies available in the technical literature, none of them have been modeled for such pool of independent power generators trading electricity in the competitive market. This approach shows that the proposed concept can result in a significant saving to generators/end-users trading electricity in a competitive market.
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