The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Research Programme’s (WWRP) Forecast and Research in the Olympic Sochi Testbed program (FROST-2014) was aimed at the advancement and demonstration of state-of-the-art nowcasting and short-range forecasting systems for winter conditions in mountainous terrain. The project field campaign was held during the 2014 XXII Olympic and XI Paralympic Winter Games and preceding test events in Sochi, Russia. An enhanced network of in situ and remote sensing observations supported weather predictions and their verification. Six nowcasting systems (model based, radar tracking, and combined nowcasting systems), nine deterministic mesoscale numerical weather prediction models (with grid spacings down to 250 m), and six ensemble prediction systems (including two with explicitly simulated deep convection) participated in FROST-2014. The project provided forecast input for the meteorological support of the Sochi Olympic Games. The FROST-2014 archive of winter weather observations and forecasts is a valuable information resource for mesoscale predictability studies as well as for the development and validation of nowcasting and forecasting systems in complex terrain. The resulting innovative technologies, exchange of experience, and professional developments contributed to the success of the Olympics and left a post-Olympic legacy.

Described is the second stage of the work (2011-2014) on the implementation and development of the COSMO-Ru system of nonhydrostatic short-range weather forecasting (the first stage of the implementation and development of the COSMO-Ru system is described in [7,8]). Demonstrated is how the research activities and ideas of G.I. Marchuk influenced modern methods for solving the systems of differential equations that describe atmospheric processes (in particular, the version of the Marchuk's splitting method is used to find the solution of the finite-difference analog of the system of differential equations in the COSMO-Ru model); it is shown how he contributed to the development of the methods of assimilation of meteorological information associated with the use of adjoint equations. Given is a brief description of the COSMO model of the atmosphere and soil active layer, the COSMO-Ru system, and research activities on this system development. words: COSMO-Ru sys tem of mesoscale nonhydrostatic short-range weather fore cast ing, Marchuk-Rober semi-implicit method

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The paper considers the results of activities on the development of output products for the non-hydrostatic short-range numerical weather prediction systems: COSMO-RuBy with a grid spacing of 2.2 km at the Hydrometcentre of Russia and WRF-ARW with a grid spacing of 3 km in Belhydromet. The important results of the activities are the organization of the exchange of unified products between the countries and the development at the Hydrometcentre of Russia of two technologies for obtaining the unified products: the multi-model lagged ensemble system and the system for the complex correction based on machine learning of model results. A specialized web-site providing convenient work of forecasters with the COSMO-RuBy results and unified products was created at the Hydrometcentre of Russia based on the feedback from forecasters. The systems of common visualization and verification of COSMO-RuBy and WRF-ARW results are implemented in Belhydromet. Keywords: numerical weather prediction, ensemble forecasting, visualization, machine learning

Precipitation forecasts from short-and medium-range ensemble prediction system of the Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation (Hydrometcenter of Russia) are verified. The verification system includes probabilistic and deterministic scores. The precipitation forecast quality is analyzed for different seasons and large-scale circulation types. Further development of ensemble modeling and verification at the Hydrometcenter of Russia is discussed.