Weather, tillage, and fertilization are the major factors affecting the grain yield of field peas (Pisum sativum L.). However, the impact of tillage and fertilization on yield is not well understood. Therefore, this experiment was initiated in 1999. In this manuscript, we report the data recorded during the period of 2011–2015 to quantify the impacts on yield. Field peas were planted in seedbeds prepared through conventional tillage (CT)—moldboard ploughing to the depth of 0.22 m; and minimum tillage (MT)—disking to the depth of 0.12 m. The crop received three fertilization treatments, including zero fertilization (control); nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) mineral fertilization treatment; and NPK mineral fertilization plus the incorporation of pre-crop biomass. Five years’ average data indicated the highest yield on fertilized treatments (2.85–2.98 t ha−1 vs. 2.66 t ha−1) regardless of the tillage. When comparing the yield of fertilized treatments, the yield under CT (2.98 t ha−1) was significantly higher than that of MT (2.85 t ha−1). However, on non-fertilized treatments (less fertile plots), a higher yield was recorded under MT (2.71 t ha−1) compared with CT (2.40 t ha−1). Overall, the results of this study suggest that fertilizer application together with incorporation of the above-ground biomass of the previous crop may help sustain pea grain yield.
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different soil tillage in the interaction with fertilization and the use of post-harvest residues on yield and protein content in pea seeds, variety Dunaj. The field experiment was established in years 2009–2011 on Experimental Base of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Dolná Malanta. There were evaluated based upon three soil tillage methods (B1 – conventional tillage, B2 – reduced tillage, B3 – minimal tillage) and three treatments of fertilization (0 – unfertilized control, MF – balance fertilization by mineral fertilizers based on soil analysis and planned pea yield (3 t/ha), PHR – balance fertilization by mineral fertilizers + incorporation of post-harvest residues). Significantly higher seed yield was achieved at reduced tillage (3.28 t/ha) than conventional (3.12 t/ha) and minimized tillage (3.08 t/ha); however, most significantly, higher protein content in average of treatments was determined in conventional tillage (23.38%). Most significantly, negative linear correlation (r = −0.948⊕⊕⊕) was determined between the yield and crude protein content in pea seeds. Fertilized treatments reached highly significant higher yields of common pea than unfertilized control. Compared with the control, average yield was higher by 10.3% – 15.1%. Significantly higher crude protein contents by 0.86% (PHR) and 1.27% (MF) were reached on unfertilized treatments than on fertilized one. The highest content of crude protein (24.14%) and the highest production of it per hectare (759 kg/ha) were determined in treatment with post harvest residues ploughed into soil. Over an average of 3 years, the highest profit (163.87 €/ha) and return (30.7%) was achieved from the pea grown using fertilizing treatments (FM and PHR) at minimal soil tillage and systematic use of mineral fertilizers.
In the years 2005-2010, the changes in concentrations of monovalent basic cations in the Čaradice Stream were evaluated depending on the time and place of sampling in its longitudinal profile. Results show that the average concentration of Na+ in the whole period was 14.75 mg. dm-3. Its share in the total amount of monovalent basic cations of Na+ and K+ in the whole reference period was 76.32%. The mass ratio of Na+ : K+ in the whole period was 3.34 : 1. Depending on the time of sampling, the lowest average sodium concentrations of the whole period were recorded in the spring season with the minimum average in March. The highest average concentration of the whole reference period was recorded in September. Depending on the sampling site, the minimum average concentration was recorded in a forest ecosystem and an ecosystem of permanent grassland, and the maximum average concentration in the village Kozarovce. Using the analysis of variance, we detected a statistically significant effect of all three qualitative factors (year, month and place of sampling) on the change of concentration. According to the Regulation of the Government of the Slovak Republic No. 269/2010 Coll., the 90th percentile values of this indicator are lower than the recommended value. The average concentration of potassium in the whole reference period was 4.54 mg. dm-3. The share of K+ in the total amount of monovalent basic cations in the whole period reached 23.68%. The lowest average concentrations of the whole period were usually found in the spring season, with the minimum value in March. The maximum average concentration of the whole reference period was recorded in July. Similarly to Na+, the lowest average concentration of K+ was detected in a forest ecosystem and the highest one in the village Kozarovce. The effect of seasonality on the dynamics of Na+ and K+ concentrations during the period was not detected. Using the analysis of variance, we found a statistically significant effect of all three qualitative factors (year, month and place of sampling) on the change of concentration. In the Regulation of the Government of the Slovak Republic No. 269/2010 Coll., the recommended value for potassium is not specified. The discharge rate significantly affected the changes in concentrations of Na+ and K+ in the stream.
In the years 2010 and 2011, a field trial was established in the administrative area Kolinany, Barack farm. We evaluated the growth of aboveground phytomass depending on different levels of fertilization. In the climatically unbalanced growing years, the phytomass yield of amaranth was different. Extremely wet conditions during the growing season exceeding long-term normal precipitation confirmed the assumption of high growth of aboveground phytomass in the observed amaranth genotype. In 2010, the highest amaranth aboveground dry matter in phytomass reached 3231.40 g m2 in the variant with the fertilization dose of 150 kg ha-1. In the climatically different year 2011 with lower precipitation, the highest aboveground phytomass yield of 3956.95 g m2 was reached in the fertilized variant as well.
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