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It was concluded that heating dental gutta-percha to 130 degrees C causes physical changes; this was not seen with chemically pure gutta-percha. The presence of additives in the dental samples altered material behaviour.

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The physical properties of a super-elastic archwire alloy (Titanol) and Nitinol were investigated by the means of a bending test. It was found that the alloy possessed super-elastic properties. A clinical trial was then carried out to compare the properties of two types of aligning archwire. Two groups of 20 patients with crowded dentitions were randomly allocated either Titanol or Nitinol, a conventional nickel-titanium alloy aligning archwire. High quality alginate impressions were taken after archwire placement in Edgewise fixed appliances and were repeated after a mean period of 35 days. The impressions were cast in dental stone and digitized using the Reflex Metrograph. The contact points of the teeth of the labial segments, together with four stable points in the rugae were recorded. This enabled the co-ordinates for the sequential study models to be superimposed upon one another, allowing tooth movement in three dimensions to be calculated. The measurement error expressed as error variance was 0.028 mm. The coefficient of reliability was 97 per cent. When tooth movement was analysed the mean movement per contact point for Titanol was 1.7 mm and for Nitinol 1.42 mm. This difference was not statistically significant (P less than 0.05, t-test). However, a clinical impression was that the super-elastic archwire proved superior to the Nitinol, because it was more readily engaged into grossly displaced teeth.