The method presented here is suited to the real-time characterization of fluids pumped from an oil layer. Two kinds of flow in the production line are studied: homogeneous flow of oil and water and annular flow (oil and water plus a gas column). The method is based on dielectric spectroscopy. Two probes are used: one at high frequency (around 40 GHz) to determine the composition of the liquid phase, i.e. the oil–liquid ratio (OLR) and the water–liquid ratio (WLR); a second one at low frequency (10–800 MHz) to calculate the gas ratio or gas hold-up (GHU). The electromagnetic models of each probe are presented. Experimental results for static and dynamic fluids (measurements on a two phase flow loop) validate the principle for homogeneous and annular flows for GHU between 60% and 95%.
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