The purpose. To increase selfdescriptiveness of the method of biotesting waters of surface sources of water service and drinking water due to use of fishes Danio rerio (Brachydanio). Methods. Biotesting with use of the test-reaction of fixation of fishes Poeciliia reticulata Peters and Danio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan with 8-diurnal exposure of individuals. Results. During biotesting at absence of fixation of fishes Poeciliia reticulata Peters toxicity of examined waters is not determined, and on the basis of a fixation of fishes Danio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan the low level of toxicity of waters in the range of 25-50% is fixed. Conclusions. It is expedient to make assessment of chronic toxicity of waters of surface sources of water service and drinking water by method of biotesting on fishes Danio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan, which have appeared more sensitive to low levels of pollutions (on the average on 26,3% in acute 4-days experience, and on 36,6% in chronic 8-days experience), than traditional test-object of fish Poeciliia reticulata Peters.
Anthropogenic eutrophication is an impetus to a number of negative processes that are triggered in aquatic ecosystems along with the "flowering" of water and lead to so-called self-pollution. The main reason for eutrophication is the enrichment of water with biogenes due to washing out of fertilizer fields, the flow of livestock farms and communal waste water. Biogenic elements provoke the active growth of planktonic algae groups, especially blue-green (cyanobacteria), which have an allelopathic effect in relation to other phytoplankton groups. With the active development of cyanobacteria secreting toxins, in many reservoirs the growth of diatoms, greens and other groups, which resolve to decompose, polluting the water with harmful substances, ceases. Almost always among them are the compounds of manganese, which, being released from organic complexes in the composition of algae, enter into water in the form of ions [3, 5].In addition to biotic origin, the accumulation in the reservoirs of manganese compounds, may also be man-made [5,7]. In some areas, manganese falls into surface waters as a result of leaching iron ore ores and other minerals, which it includes (pyrolusite, psilomelan, brownite, manganite, black water). Manganese compounds are deposited in reservoirs with sewage from manganese concentrating factories, metallurgical plants, chemical industry enterprises and mine waters. However, in the final analysis, manganese is actively involved in biogeochemical colloidal activities involving aquatic organisms, primarily phytoplankton [3, 5].Many studies are evidence that manganese being a heavy metal, is a threat to biota because of its acute toxicity and ability to accumulate in the reservoirs to dangerous levels. In the process of oxidation and adsorption on suspended in water, organic and inorganic particles of manganese turns into forms that accumulate in the sediments, causing secondary contamination of water bodies. Exit from the layers of layers significantly impairs the quality of water, posing a real threat to drinking water supply [5, 13].Excessive flow of manganese in the composition of drinking water in humans and animals initially causes damage to the central nervous system, eventually disrupt pulmonary, cardiovascular and hepatobiliary systems and ultimately can lead to such long-term effects as allergenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. That is why the concentration of manganese in water should be rigidly normalized [5,7].
Determination of chronic toxicity of waters of surface sources of water service on Daphnia magna Straus and Тradescantia fluminensis Vellozо The purpose. To raise selfdescriptiveness of biotesting of waters of surface sources of water service due to use of test-kit from Daphnia magna Straus and Tradescantia fluminensis Vellozo. Methods. Biotesting of quality of water according to standard and own procedures. Results. In researches on the test-reactions of fixation of daphnes and root-creation of spiderwort the ill effect on living organisms of waters of water reservoirs of river Teterev is specified. Conclusions. For biotesting of quality of waters of surface sources of water service it is offered to use test-kit from D. magna and T. fluminensis. On the basis of responses of test-objects the indexes of toxicity are calculated. Specificity is revealed of responsivity of spiderwort (on 8th day) and daphnes (on 15th day) to toxic chronic influence of these waters.
The purpose. Increase of selfdescriptiveness of biotesting waters of surface sources of water service and drinking water on shellfishes Daphnia magna S. due to use of the test-attribute of frequency of cordial beatings (FCB). Methods. Biotesting by determination of immobilization of D. magna during 48-hour exposure and FCB -in conditions of 3-hour exposure. Results. Toxicity of water is not fixed at absence of immobilization of D. magna. By index of FCB their low level of toxicity (26,2 -35,4%) is determined. Conclusions. Express-assessment of toxicity of waters of surface sources of water service and drinking water is expedient to conduct on D. magna using test-attribute FCB after 3-hour exposure. The high performance of the offered method is proved in conditions CF «Zhytomyrvodokanal». Use of test-attribute FCB in comparison to standard index (immobilization of D. magna) promoted increase of responsivity of biotesting for 28,33% and decrease of its duration for 73,11%.
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