We have measured the resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra at the Cu L3 edge in a variety of cuprates. Exploiting a considerably improved energy resolution (0.8 eV) we recorded significant dependencies on the sample composition and orientation, on the scattering geometry, and on the incident photon polarization. The RIXS final states correspond to two families of electronic excitations, having local (dd excitations) and nonlocal (charge-transfer) character. The dd energy splitting can be estimated with a simple crystal field model. The RIXS at the L3 edge demonstrates here a great potential, thanks to the resonance strength and to the large 2p spin-orbit splitting.

Design of a beamline for soft and deep lithography on third generation synchrotron radiation source Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 1605 (1999); 10.1063/1.1149640Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions. We report the main characteristics of the advanced photoelectric effect experiments beamline, operational at Elettra storage ring, featuring a fully independent double branch scheme obtained by the use of chicane undulators and able to keep polarization control in both linear and circular mode. The paper describes the novel technical solutions adopted, namely, ͑a͒ the design of a quasiperiodic undulator resulting in optimized suppression of higher harmonics over a large photon energy range ͑10-100 eV͒, ͑b͒ the thermal stability of optics under high heat load via cryocoolers, and ͑c͒ the end station interconnected setup allowing full access to off-beam and on-beam facilities and, at the same time, the integration of users' specialized sample growth chambers or modules.

A peculiar Rashba effect is found at a point in the Brillouin zone, where the time-reversal symmetry is broken, though this symmetry was believed to be a necessary condition for Rashba splitting. This finding obtained experimentally by photoemission measurements on a Bi/Si(111)-(sqrt(3) x sqrt(3)) surface is fully confirmed by a first-principles theoretical calculation. We found that the peculiar Rashba effect is simply understood by the two-dimensional symmetry of the surface, and that this effect leads to an unconventional nonvortical Rashba spin structure at a point with time-reversal invariance.

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