The present data show the feasibility of closed chest single- and double-vessel revascularization, with good clinical results. However, procedural time is prolonged and the complex endoscopic and endoaortic occlusion techniques, as well as the extensive anesthesiologic monitoring, are demanding. The need for conversion to an open procedure diminished after a relatively short learning curve. All postulated benefits of totally endoscopic surgery other than excellent cosmesis must be evaluated in larger cohorts.