The production of benzoic acid from toluene in the liquid phase with pure oxygen was studied. Investigations have been carried out with a view to determining the most suitable reaction conditions with respect to operating variables including oxygen flow rate, reaction temperature, batch time and catalyst loading. In a series of batch experiments carried out at 4 atm, the optimum values of mole ratio of oxygen to toluene, temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading were found to be 2, 157°C, 2 h and 0.57 g/L, respectively. In addition, a kinetic study was carried out by taking into consideration the optimum reaction conditions. The model dependent on the formation of benzyl radical was found to be feasible for describing the catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid in the liquid phase. The activation energy was determined as 40 kJ/mol.
The complete catalytic combustion kinetics of isopropanol and ethyl acetate were investigated using a CeO 2 catalyst coated on a monolith support. The combustions were carried out at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure, on a fixed-bed monolithic reactor. The Mars and van krevelen model, power rate law model and Langmuir -Hinshelwood model were used to analyse the experimental results. The differential reactor assumption was used to fit the kinetic models. Due to the low activation energies of the reactions, both the Mars -Van Krevelen and power rate law models showed good agreement between the measured and calculated reaction rates, with the Mars -Van Krevelen model being slightly better.
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