The methanolic leaf extract of D. pruessii with documented ethnomedicinal applications was fractionated in different solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) and subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity against some disease-causing microorganisms including gram-positive and gram-negative (Staphylococcus aureus, salmonella spp, and Escherichia coli). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Alkaloids, saponins, saponin glycosides, Tannins, hydrolyzable Tannins, steroids and triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, and volatile oils. Each fraction of the extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against all the organisms tested. MIC values of each fraction revealed strong inhibition against all the organisms tested. The methanolic leaf extract of D. Pruessii in chloroform, water, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and n-butanol showed the following values: Staphylococcus A. 12.5, 25, 50, 12.5, and 12.5. E.coli 12.5, 50, 100, 50 and 100. Salmonella spp 25, 12.5, 50, 50, and 3.125, respectively. The antimicrobial tests were carried out in triplicates, and the data obtained were subjected to one-way ANOVA using a statistical package for social science (SPSS). This study shows that these plants' extract possesses antimicrobial properties that can be used as alternatives to conventional antibiotics.
Microcrystalline cellulose is a vital ingredient in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. In this study, Bambara nutshell microcrystalline cellulose (BNS-MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis modification of Bambara nutshell alpha-cellulose pulp. The sample was subjected to sodium hydroxide pulping (2.0% and 17.5% NaOH respectively) and a multistage pulping treatment using 3.5% nitric acid. The analysis results showed that the pulping method was effective for substantial removal of lignin with a 14.416% yield of alpha-cellulose pulp. The organoleptic and physicochemical properties of BNS-MCC were examined. The prepared BNS-MCC powder was examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). The sample’s powder flow properties (true density, Hausner index, Carr’s index, angle of repose,powder porosity, loss on drying, and moisture sorption capacity) were (1.216g/mL, 1.34, 25.75%, 39.80o, 64.7%, and 46.81%). The results of the analysis of the BNS-MCC compared well with commercial grades and conformed to US Pharmacopeia (USP) and British Pharmacopeia specifications. This result shows that Bambara nutshells have potential application for pharmaceutical grade cellulose production used in direct compression tableting.
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