ABSTRACT. This study was designed to compare the genetic effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ), alone or in combination, under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on proteins and DNA of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isozymes, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and comet assays were used. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed distinctive polymorphisms (100%) based on the number of polypeptide bands (169) with molecular weights ranging from 300.0 to 24.00 kDa, band intensity, appearance, and loss of bands when compared with control samples. Six isozymes, malate dehydrogenase, amylase, leucine-aminopeptidase, esterase, peroxidase, and catalase, generated 100% polymorphism values based on zymogram number, relative front, and optical intensities. RAPD revealed 276 DNA bands with a distinctive polymorphism value of 92.31% based on the number of amplified DNA products, ranging from 45 to 1100 bp, and band intensity. In the comet assay, the highest extent of nuclear DNA damage was observed as tail length 8.70 µm, tailed DNA 8.01%, and tail moment unit 34.18 in non-irrigated O 3 -treated wheat nuclei. These results show that O 3 -treatment alone induced high levels of oxidative protein and DNA damage in wheat plant, especially in a non-irrigation system. Interestingly, CO 2 in combination with O 3 could ameliorate the negative impact of O 3 -oxidative stress. This study shows that protein and DNA biomarkers, and the comet assay, could be used for the reliable estimation of genotoxicity following the exposure of economic crop plants to air pollutants.
The current study analyzed proteins and nuclear DNA of electric fields (ELF) exposed and nonexposed maize seedlings for different exposure periods using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isozymes, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and comet assay, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed total of 46 polypeptides bands with different molecular weights ranging from 186.20 to 36.00 KDa. It generated distinctive polymorphism value of 84.62%. Leucine-aminopeptidase, peroxidase, and catalase isozymes showed the highest values of polymorphism (100%) based on zymograms number, relative front (R f), and optical intensity while esterase isozyme generated polymorphism value of 83.33%. Amino acids were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, which revealed the presence of 17 amino acids of variable contents ranging from 22.65% to 28.09%. RAPD revealed that 78 amplified DNA products had highly polymorphism value (95.08%) based on band numbers, with variable sizes ranging from 120 to 992 base pairs and band intensity. Comet assay recorded the highest extent of nuclear DNA damage as percentage of tailed DNA (2.38%) and tail moment unit (5.36) at ELF exposure of maize nuclei for 5 days. The current study concluded that the longer ELF exposing periods had genotoxic stress on macromolecules of maize cells and biomarkers used should be augmented for reliable estimates of genotoxicity after exposure of economic plants to ELF stressors.
Gamma radiation is commonly used to disinfect agricultural products to increase shelf-life. However, this may exert adverse effects on plant growth, development, fertility, and crop production due to oxidative stress and cellular damage. Post irradiation protection using nanoparticles could reduce or reverse deleterious effects after exposure to ionizing radiation. We monitored the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs at 500, 2000, 4000 mg/L) on Vicia faba grown from seeds treated with gamma rays (20, 50, 100 Gy). Phenotypic (seed germination, percentage of inhibition, seedling growth) and cytogenetic markers (chromosomal behavior in mitosis, meiosis and pollen grains) along with ultrastructural changes in the chloroplasts and nuclei (transmission electron microscopy) were assessed. At 20 Gy radiations, ZnO NPs had no effect on the final germination percent; however, at 100 Gy and post-treatment with 4000 mg/L of ZnO NPs, a substantial reduction occurred. While vegetative growth and fruit production increased with 500 and 2000 mg/L ZnO NPs, all three doses of gamma rays induced reduction. ZnO NPs provoked a significant increase in the mitotic index of root meristems compared with the control and gamma radiation. A radioprotective effect of ZnO NPs in the mitotic-meristematic root tips of V. faba was observed. The degree of mutagenic efficiency and pollen grain sterility was dose-dependent. Chloroplasts and nuclei treated ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (1): gmr18232 H.F.A. Al-Harbi et al. 2 with higher concentrations of ZnO NPs (4000 mg/L) and the three doses of gamma rays showed adverse ultrastructural changes. An amelioration or modulation of these changes was observed post irradiation with 500 and 2000 mg/L ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs at 500 and 2000 mg/L concentrations had protective effects through the reduction of adverse effects of all doses of gamma rays at the phenotypic, cytogenetic, and cellular ultrastructure levels. Additional studies are warranted to explore ZnO NPs as potential nanoirradiation protective agents.
ABSTRACT. This study aimed to link the genetic variation observed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis among 11 Cuminum cyminum L. accessions, collected from diverse ecogeographical areas in Saudi Arabia, with their antioxidant capacity to better identify potential genotypes for breeding programs for this medicinal spice. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed genetic variation among cumin germplasms and distinct polymorphisms (100%). Protein polymorphisms were identified based on the number of polypeptide bands (288) with molecular weights ranging from 13.85 to 350 kDa, band intensity, the appearance of new bands, and the absence of other bands. RAPD analysis revealed 363 amplified DNA products with a high polymorphism value (98.88%) based on DNA band type (unique, non-unique, and monomorphic), DNA 90 to 1085-bp long, and band intensity. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering based on SDS-PAGE or RAPD and Jaccard's similarity coefficient divided cumin accessions into similar but distinct clusters with respect to their location of collection. The antioxidant potential of cumin accessions based on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, the β-carotene-linoleate model system, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents revealed distinct variability. These data indicate that cumin is a valuable genetic resource with high antioxidant activity. Additionally, clustering based on antioxidant activity was not identical to that based on SDS-PAGE and RAPD. Data and clustering of SDS-PAGE and RAPD, combined with the high antioxidant capacity of cumin accessions, are important for the efficient use of genetic resources of cumin in breeding strategies and genetic improvement programs.
©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (3): gmr18350 E. Abdelhaliem et al. 2doses of Pb induced notable inhibitory and genotoxic impacts on all biomarkers used, in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that the powdered state of optimal dose (10 mg) had a good ability to adsorb Pb onto its surface and consequently mitigated its toxicity. This was evident through the significant amelioration of parameters of each biomarker after application of the three Pb adsorbate solutions on soybean seeds. Therefore, we suggest that stimulatory and adsorbent nTiO 2 dose may be used in the future to protect against heavy metal toxicity in economically important plants.
Many reports highlight biological responses of crop plants after non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure based on the phenotypic and physiological levels. So, this study aimed to estimate genetic alterations in proteins, isozymes, and DNA banding patterns as well as the extent of nuclear DNA damage of economic corn (Zea mays) under the stress of EMR using accurate and reliable bioassays like sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isozymes (Leucine- aminopeptidase, Esterases, Peroxidase, and Catalases), random amplified polymorphic DNA- polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), and Comet Assay, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis showed distinct polymorphisms (96.66%) between EMR exposed and non-exposed corn seedlings depending on the number and type of bands, their intensities as well as molecular weight which ranged from (60.27 to 192.35 kDa), gain, and loss of bands. The four isozymes generated varies isozymatic polymorphisms based on relative front, zymogram number, and optical intensities. RAPD analysis generated 85 amplified DNA products with high polymorphism values ranged from 90.91 to 100% based on primers, band type, DNA sizes which ranged from 153 to 1008-bp, lose, gain, and intensity of DNA bands. Comet Assay scored highest extent of loosed DNA from nuclei (DNA damage) reached the value of (tailed ratio 20%) at EMR exposed corn nuclei for 5 days compared to non-exposed nuclei which reached the value of (tailed ratio 3%). This study concluded that each EMR exposure time had unique interaction with proteins, isozymes, and DNA of corn cells exhibiting wide range of genotoxic stress and subsequently, adversely effect on growth and yield of this sensitive crop plants.
The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, molecular characterization, virulence genes, resistance genes and antimicrobial profile of nosocomial extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Klebsiella species. A total of 22 (12.2%) K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 180 clinical samples collected from hospitalized patients in Egypt. K. pneumoniae biotypes were B1 (72.8%), B3 (13.6%) and B4 (13.6%). The isolates were classified for the capsular serotypes, 86.4% (20/22) were of K1 serotype, while only two isolates (13.64%) were of K2 serotype. Hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae isolates accounted for 68.2%. Biofilm formation ability of K. pneumoniae was determined by microtitre plate method. The majority of the isolates (40.9%) were moderate biofilm producers, while 27.3% were strong biofilm producers. All K. pneumoniae strains were positive for fimH and traT genes, while magA was identified in only 63.6% of the isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates (n = 22) was determined by the disc diffusion technique using 23 different antibiotics. Streptomycin and imipenem are the most effective antibiotics against 22 tested K. pneumoniae isolates with sensitivity rates of 63.64% and 54.54% respectively. All tested K. pneumoniae isolates showed high resistance to amoxicillin∕clavulanate (100%), cefuroxime (100%) and ceftazidime (95.45%). Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) production and the presence of ESBL‐related genes were tested in the isolates. All the isolates tested positive for blaVIM, NDM1 and blaTEM, while only 81.8 %tested positive for the blaSHV gene. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae causing nosocomial infections limits the use of antimicrobial agents for treatment. Furthermore, the spread of biofilm, multiple drug resistant and ESBL‐producing K. pneumoniae isolates is a public threat for hospitalized patients.
Thirty six moss species were recorded from Daqahlia province, Nile Delta. Weissia perligulata Flow. (Pottiaceae) was new record to Afr1. In addition, Hyophila involute (Hook.) Jaeg., (Pottiaceae), Ptychostomum arcticum (R. Brown) J. R. Spence ex Holyoak & N. Pederson and P. cyclophyllum (Schwagr) J. R. Spence (Bryaceae) were new records for Egypt. Fifteen species were new to Nile delta. This raised the number of identified moss taxa recorded from Egypt up to 192 taxa, from Nile delta 51 taxa and Daqahlia province 39 taxa. Data on the up-to-date classification, habitats, voucher specimens and distribution of the enumerated species and the descriptions of the new records including the photos have been provided. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 257-270, 2021 (June)
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