This work relates to the problem of forecasting dangerous weather events - heavy rains and heavy precipitation in the form of snow and hail in a certain area based on the results of passive microwave radiometric measurements. The article presents the results of research on the possibility of implementing a multi-band method for detecting and monitoring rain zones with inclined microwave radiometric sensing at small angles. The analysis of the influence of a remote rain area on the atmosphere radio brightness temperature during horizontal sounding of a multi-frequency microwave radiometric system is performed. Numerical estimates of the radio brightness temperature and its increase due to the presence of the rain zone in the direction of sounding are obtained. The atmosphere with rain thermal radiation power measurements data, made by a tri-band microwave radiometric system, show a trend for different time of the system output growth formation, when the rain area approaches to the place-based microwave radiometric system.
The article deals with constructing an antenna system for a passive multi-frequency radiometry system featuring compensation for radiation pattern side lobes. We supply results of experimentally investigating directional properties of a dual-mode multi-frequency feed horn. We also provide results of electromagnetic modelling of signal transmission characteristics in the multi-frequency feed horn that we present
The work belongs to the field of solving problems related to the metrological support of microwave radiometric research of radiothermal radiation of the atmosphere. The article contains a comparative analysis of the most widely used reference sources of noise radiation used both for internal and external calibration of microwave radiometric equipment for atmosphere control. In the given work the research of a method of external calibration of the antenna system of multifrequency microwave radiometric system with compensation of background noise on radiothermal radiation of the Sun is executed, questions of its practical realization are solved and results of an estimation of directional properties of the antenna system of microwave radiometric system on radiothermal radiation of the Sun are received. The results of practical research of the directional properties of the antenna system of a stationary variant of the multi-frequency microwave radiometric system, consisting in measuring the experimental antenna radiation pattern of the multi-frequency two-mode antenna system on the main measuring channel on two linear polarization (vertical and horizontal) and additional measuring channel with a predominant reception of background radiation coming from the side lobes are presented.
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