The Offset Dykes are impact melt-bearing dykes related to the 1.85 Ga Sudbury impact structure. Currently, the dykes extend radially outward from—or occur concentrically around—the Sudbury Igneous Complex, which is the remnant of a differentiated impact melt sheet and the source of the dykes. The recently identified three Pele Offset Dykes intrude into the Archean rocks north of the Sudbury Igneous Complex. In this study, the Pele dykes are characterized for the first time by a combination of fieldwork, optical microscopy, electron microprobe analyses, and bulk geochemical analyses. The Pele Offset Dykes stand out from the other Offset Dykes at Sudbury in two significant ways: (i) All other known Offset Dykes consist of an inclusion-rich lithology in the center of the dyke and an inclusion-poor lithology along the margins. The Pele dykes, however, are only composed of the inclusion-poor phase. (ii) The Pele dykes—particularly the Central and Eastern dykes—have a more evolved chemical composition relative to the other Offset Dykes. These observations suggest that the Pele dykes were emplaced after the other known Offset Dykes during two injection events: the Western followed by the Central and Eastern Pele dykes.
20 The CanMars Mars Sample Return Analogue Deployment (MSRAD) was a closely 21 simulated end-to-end Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission scenario, with instrumentation, goals, 22 and constraints modeled on the upcoming NASA Mars 2020 rover mission. The exercise utilized 23 the CSA Mars Exploration Science Rover (MESR) rover, deployed to Utah, USA, at a Mars-24 analogue field site. The principal features of the field site located near Green River, Utah, are 25 Late Jurassic inverted, fluvial paleochannels, analogous to features on Mars in sites being 26 considered for the ESA ExoMars rover mission and present within the chosen landing site for the 27 Mars 2020 rover mission. The in-simulation ("in-sim") mission operations team worked 28 remotely from The University of Western Ontario, Canada. A suite of MESR-integrated and 29 hand-held spectrometers was selected to mimic those of the Mars 2020 payload, and a Utah-30 to those of Mars rover landing sites, and in-depth field studies like CanMars as important, pre-48 mission strategic exercises. 49 50 Keywords: Mars, rover, analogue mission, sample return, mission operations 51 52 evidence for past life or its chemical precursors, and place detailed constraints on the past 64 habitability and the potential for preservation of the signs of life". A primary outcome of the 65CanMars analogue mission was the development of specific protocols and analytical approaches 66 geared at achieving the three highest priority MSR science sub-objectives identified by MEPAG; 67 namely: 1) Identify environments that were habitable in the past, and characterize conditions and 68 processes that may have influenced the degree or nature of habitability therein; 2) Assess the 69 potential of conditions and processes to have influenced preservation or degradation of 70 biosignatures and evidence of habitability, from the time of formation to the time of observation. 71
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