Статья посвящена вопросу использования различных средств экспрессивного синтаксиса в англоязычных рекламных текстах для аудитории молодого, среднего и пожилого возраста. Материалом исследования послужили рекламные тексты в популярных журналах и газетах для читателей различных возрастных групп. Посредством использования метода сплошного лингвистического анализа текста, элементов стилистического анализа, описательно-аналитического метода, метода количественного анализа, а также сравнительно-сопоставительного метода были сделаны выводы об основных особенностях функционирования экспрессивных синтаксических средств в англоязычных рекламных текстах, их роли в создании эффективной рекламы, способной привлечь внимание реципиентов и убедить воспользоваться рекламируемой услугой или товаром. В статье рассматриваются особенности использования в рекламе на английском языке вопросительных и восклицательных предложений, парцеллированных конструкций, синтаксических повторов, парентетических внесений, эллиптических, номинативных предложений, эмфатического варианта актуального членения предложения и пунктуационного оформления. Анализ средств экспрессивного синтаксиса в текстах для аудитории разного возраста представляет определенный интерес с точки зрения выявления отличий в способах создания англоязычной рекламы для различных групп реципиентов.
Partially stabilized zirconia ceramics ZrO 2 (Y 2 O 3 ) of different structures and phase compositions are tested for thermal stability and thermal shock. The ceramics can be used as solid electrolytes in oxygen activity sensors for fluid heat transfer agents (lead).Ceramics based on partially stabilized zirconium dioxide (PSZD) exhibit a unique combination of physicomechanical and electric properties: high strength and fracture toughness, resistance to corrosive attack, low heat conductivity, and anionic conduction. An intrinsic property of PSZD-based materials is the temperature-controlled co-existence of three phases: monoclinic (a), tetragonal (b), and cubic (g), which makes it possible to design new materials with a unique combination of properties.Availability of high-strength and tough materials based on PSZD with stabilizing agents added (MgO, CaO, Y 2 O 3 , CeO) made it possible to use sophisticated and expensive technologies -such as cold isostatic pressing (CIP) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) for shaping ceramic components [1 -3]. It was shown that high-strength and high-toughness ceramic materials lack sufficient stability under thermomechanical loading conditions and resistance to thermal shock. This narrows down substantially the choice of suitable ceramics for operation under transient temperature conditions, for example, in self-heating of heavy-duty friction couples, or at high temperatures (500 -1700°C), in solid electrolytes exposed to hot gases or molten metals. The service life of such friction couples and solid electrolytes is determined by their physicomechanical properties and, consequently, microstructure and phase composition of the ceramics used.Increasing the thermal stability of PSZD-based ceramics involves the design of an optimal structure and a specified phase composition for particular service conditions. Our goal in this study was to gain an insight into structural features responsible for thermal stability of a high-density ceramics based on PSZD -Y 2 O 3 for solid electrolytes operationally exposed to molten metals (lead or copper) and hot gases.High-density ceramic materials differing in structure and composition were studied. The precursor materials were powders synthesized by the method of chemical precipitation from solutions of zirconium and yttrium chlorides. The powders were composed of spherical particles of size 25 -40 nm aggregated into formations less than 2 mm across. This particle morphology allows the use of a conventional shaping method -thermoplastic injection molding. The final sintering was carried out in air at 1450 -1700°C. The test specimens had dimensions of 7´7´70 mm; the solid electrolytes were shaped as test tubes of diameter 15 mm and length 24 mm.Four types of high-density ceramics of different structure and phase composition were considered:T -tetragonal polycrystalline PSZD (3 mol.% Y 2 O 3 ), with a fine-crystalline structure, high strength, and high fracture toughness;TT -polycrystalline PSZD (3 mol.% Y 2 O 3 ), with a transformed (t ¢) tetragon...
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