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A numerical analysis of the laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in the inlet section of a circular pipe has been carried out for a Reynolds number range of 0 to 500, employing a finite element based CFD code. A new flow phenomenon has been identified at low Reynolds numbers (<50), viz, the existence of a peak in the axial pressure profile at a small distance from the entrance. Existing correlations for the entry length are shown to be insufficient and a new correlation for the entry length is proposed.

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Mean voidage is a global structural property of packed beds and its accurate prediction is therefore of great significance in any plug‐flow type model. A general correlation has been developed which enables this parameter to be evaluated. The work reported here deals with mono‐size non‐porous spherical packing, but also tackles related issues such as size distribution and the way in which they influence the mean voidage. In addition, an attempt has been made to discuss the merits of alternative packing arrangements.