A study of the structure and properties of castings made with the use of various modifiers has been carried out. It was found that when the alloys are modified with titanium carbonitride and all used modifiers except tungsten carbide, the grain size decreases, and carbide precipitates are evenly distributed, contributing to an increase in mechanical properties. Using the method of differential thermal analysis, the critical temperatures at which phase transformations occur in the cast ZhS3DK alloy and its analogs with modifiers have been established. The modes of heat treatment of modified cast heat-resistant alloys of the ZhS3DK type have been specified.
The positive effect of alloying elements on the thermal stability of the γ-matrix and the strengthening γ'-phase of casting nickel alloys, and consequently, on the increase in their heat-temperature strength is established. The alloying elements inhibit diffusion processes, thereby increasing the creep resistance of alloys at high temperatures and loads. It is found that the most indicative parameters of the phase composition of the test alloys are the alloying elements distribution coefficients between the γ- and γ'-phases. The basic principles of balanced alloying are formulated, on which the choice of the optimal chemical composition of heat-temperature nickel alloys is carried out.
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