Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, North Delta, Egypt during two successive growing seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012) to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization with and without K and B application on wheat yield in addition to evaluate quantitatively the response of wheat grain yield to fertilizer application using a polynomial quadratic equation. Five N levels (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N fed-1) were applied as a main plots, with 2 levels of K (0 and 50 kg K2O fed-1) as sub-plot, and B solution at 0.1% concentration sprayed after 70 days from sowing as sub-sub plots. The cultivated wheat variety was Sakha 69. The main results could be summarized as follows: 1-Increasing N levels up to 90 kg fed-1 led to a significant increase in the grain yield. Also, the grain yield was increased with potassium application in average by 2.5 %. Foliar application of boron resulted in increasing the grain yield in average by 2.48%. 2-The estimated values of the maximum N rate (xmax) were 2.76, 2.83, 2.78 and 2.77 units of N fed-1. (one N unit = 30 kg) for the treatments of N only (A), N with B (B), N with K(C) and N with B and K(D), respectively. The estimated values of maximum wheat grain yield (Ymax) (17.051, 17.586, 17.788 and 18.140 ardab fed-1 for the four treatments, respectively) were increased by applying K and B fertilizers. 3-The economic optimum yield (Yopt) was obtained by applying the economic optimum rates (xopt). The values of xopt were 2.63, 2.70, 2.65 and 2.64 N units fed-1 for the four treatments, respectively. The values of Yopt were 17.03, 17.57, 17.76 and 18.13 ardab fed-1 for the previous mentioned treatments, respectively. The net returns of using N fertilizer were 2612.80, 2753.82, 2766.34 and 2865.10 LE fed-1 for the four treatments, respectively. Hence, it could be concluded that the maximum and optimum wheat grain yield (Ymax and Yopt) were increased by applying K and B fertilizers. 4-Relative efficiency of applied N fertilizer (EX) with different treatments could be arranged in the following descending order: D > C > B > A. The highest efficiency of soil N (exs) was obtained under treatment B. The highest value of soil N (xs) (1.486 unit fed-1) was obtained with A treatment. The contribution of applied N fertilizer increased with increasing N level and the highest value of applied N fertilizer contribution was obtained under D treatment. Also, the contribution of soil N decreased with increasing N application level up to 120 kg fed-1 (N4). The net return due to Boron spraying was 299.8 L.E fed-1. Generally it could be concluded that increasing N level up to 90 kg/fed led to a significant increase in wheat grain yield. The maximum, optimum wheat grain yield (Ymax and Yopt), N use efficiency and the net return were increased by applying K and B fertilizers. Also the contribution of soil N decreased with increasing N application level up to 120 kg fed-1 .
A field experiment was carried out during the two successive water seasons of 2002/2003 and 2003/ 2004. The objective of this works was to study the role of N application at tillering stage and effect of K on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, uptake of N, P, K and N-recovery. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Grain and straw yields were highly significantly increased with increasing N level up to 120 kg N/fed. (fed=4200 m 2) of the two studied wheat varieties. The highest mean values were 21.91and 30.0 ardab grain/fed, (ardab=150 kg) and 5.19 and 6.0 tons straw/fed. for Giza 168 and Sids7, respectively. Applications of N at tillering stage in the presence of K have a high significant effect on grain and straw yields, of the two wheat varieties. Application of N by the rates of 24, 60, 18 and 18 kg/fed. at planting, tillering, booting and milk stages dry weight of wheat plants at maturity stage recorded the highest-mean value by about 172.2 %and 198.3 % for Giza 168 and Sids7, respectively. Applying K increased dry matter at tillering stage, booting and maturity stage for Giza 168 and Sids7.However Sids7 pronounced Giza 168. N, P and K-uptake by wheat plants was increased for the two studied varieties by N application up to 120 kg N/fed and applying K. Uptake of N, P and K by Sids7 surpassed Giza 168 Increasing N from 75 to 120 kg/fed increased N-recovery and recorded the highest value at tillering stage > booting >maturity stage of the two wheat varieties. Applying N at tillering stage for Sids7, recorded high N-recovery which surpassed Giza 168 by about 18.69 %. Applying K increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by about 18.21 % and 19.24 % for Giza 168 and Sids7, respectively. Increasing N from 75 to 120 kg/fed increased the crude protein content in grains by about 12.47 % and 16.2 % and applying K increased them by 5.48 and 7.06 % for Giza 168 and Sids7, respectively.
A pot experiment was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, during the growth season of 2005/2006 to investigate the effectiveness of Gibberellin (GA3) in improving the salt irrigation water tolerance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and its effect on barley plant growth and yield components.GA3 significantly improve in shoot weight of barley plant by 30-39 %, shoot fresh weight by 23-34 %, shoot dry weight by 22-31 % and leaf area by 7-26 % compared to unsprayed treatment. Also, spike length increased by 31 %, 100-grain weights by 8-16 %, number of grains per spike by 22-35 % and weight of grains per spike by 22 % compared to unsprayed treatment.
143 soil samples representing 80 profiles (analyzed as soil paste extract) were taken from three districts in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate at North Delta, Egypt namely: El-Zawia (53 profiles), Gharb El-Mansour (14 profiles) and Motobes (13 profiles) (during 2007 -2008). These samples were chemically analyzed representing the highly salt affected soils to hand out different purposes that accomplish some experimental objectives. The opportunity was seized through the chemical analysis of these samples and values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were calculated to modify, derive or fit the best fit equation representing the relationship between SAR and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). The following empirical equation was fitted with the highest coefficient of determination among the other formulas: ESP = 1.8667+ 0.9228 (SAR) + 0.001 (SAR) 2 (R 2 =0.9545)Statistical measurements such as: t-test, f-test chi-square test and correlation coefficient between the actual and predicted values of ESP using the current formula compared to the actual and predicted values of ESP using the own formulas of some other authors showed that the current formula significantly surpassed any other equation derived or modified before.The relationship between SAR and ESP with that formula and high coefficient of determination could safely and significantly enable to predict the values of ESP as soon as SAR values were calculated for the rotine work.
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