Введение: универсальным источником поступления свинца (Pb) в окружающую среду для регионов независимо от промышленной нагрузки является жидкое и твердое топливо, присутствие Pb в предметах быта также не утрачивает своей актуальности, поэтому определение абсорбции данного микроэлемента различными звеньями биоценоза необходимо проводить не только в мегаполисах, но и средних и малых городах. Цель исследования: выявить уровень аккумуляции Pb в волосах населения административного центра Республики Алтай. Задачи исследования: 1) определить референтные концентрации Pb в волосах жителей Горно-Алтайска с учетом возраста, пола и района проживания; 2) определить долю населения с концентрацией Pb, превышающей биологически допустимый уровень. Методы: У постоянно проживающих в г. Горно-Алтайске практически здоровых людей без хронических заболеваний, на момент обследования без признаков болезни в острой форме, не принимающих витаминно-минеральные комплексы и лекарственные средства, с натуральным состоянием волос и отсутствием вредной привычки табакокурения были собраны образцы волос. Возраст обследованных 4-50 лет: 4-17 лет -35 человек, 18-21 год -40, 22-50 лет -47; проживающих в центральной части города -64 человека, окраинной -58. Проанализировано 122 образца волос (62 мужских, 60 женских). Концентрацию микроэлементов в растворах с образцами волос определяли атомно-абсорбционным методом («Квант-2», Россия). Значимость различий анализировали с применением критерия Манна -Уитни, связь между переменными -с помощью коэффициента корреляции Спирмена Результаты: Референтное значения концентрации Pb (3,18 мг/кг) в волосах жителей Горно-Алтайска соответствует общероссийским значениям (0,5-3,0 мг/кг). Количество жителей с концентрацией Pb, превышающей биологически допустимый уровень (5,0 мг/кг), составляет 26,2 %. Показатели концентрации Pb в волосах населения коррелируют с их возрастом (r = 0,54) и не зависят от пола (r = -0,007) и района проживания (r = 0,045). У детей и подростков концентрация Pb (1,12 мг/кг) значимо ниже, чем у населения юношеского (3,56 мг/кг) и зрелого возраста (4,38 мг/кг). Выводы: референтные значения концентрации Pb в волосах населения Горно-Алтайска не превышают биологически допустимого уровня, однако значимое увеличение данного показателя с возрастом, а также существенный прирост количества жителей с высокой концентрацией Pb к 22-50 годам свидетельствуют о пролонгированных процессах аккумуляции токсиканта.
Introduction. The article examines the problem of adaptation to the new educational environment and pedagogical support for first-year university students. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the body composition, nutrition and biochemical parameters of blood plasma of first-year students who are adapting to living in a university dormitory. Materials and Methods. The methods of empirical research of physical development (length, weight, body mass index), body component composition (total fat content, muscle component), nutrition structure (macronutrient composition and caloric content of the daily diet), biochemical analysis of blood plasma (plasma content of triglycerides, cholesterol, low-and high-density lipoproteins, glucose), as well as statistical methods of data comparison were used. Results. The body length of males (175.4 cm), in contrast to females (162 cm) aged between 18 and 19 years is not a definitive indicator and can increase during 2 or 3 years. The percentage of overweight and obesity among first-year students was 16.1%; total fat content exceeding the limit values was found in 35.5% of females and 6.7% of males, and insufficient fat content was found only in 10% of males. The muscle component, both in girls and boys, corresponded to the indicators of the norm. The actual nutrition of first-year students living in a university dormitory was characterized by a lack of calories, fats, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, and insufficient consumption of carbohydrates, including dietary fibers. This deficiency was more pronounced among females, who also had a deficit in the consumption of proteins, especially of animal origin. The biochemical parameters of the blood plasma of all students did not exceed the normal limits, except for the values of high-density lipoproteins. The percentage of students with low values of high-density lipoproteins was 8.3%. The content of CCS in the blood plasma was inversely proportional to the caloric content of the diet and the amount of fat consumed. The predisposition to disorders of lipid metabolism in first-year students living in a university dormitory was due to insufficient replenishment of the body's energy expenditure and an unbalanced diet. Conclusions. Early adulthood is characterized by the formation of a definitive level and the predominance of assimilation processes, so the issues of healthy nutrition, especially in the conditions of a high rhythm of students’ life, insufficient replenishment of energy consumption and unbalanced consumption of nutrients, are relevant and require attention from the group leaders for first-year students. Pedagogical support of first-year students should contain methods and techniques aimed at promoting healthy nutrition and financial literacy.
We performed a literature review on the associations between quality with special emphasis on increasing transport and thermal air pollution. Motor vehicles and coal boilers are the main anthropogenic sources of emissions of pollutants into the air. Attempts to reduce their content in the air currently do not bring the desired result, the exhaust of internal combustion engines and combustion products of solid fuel remain the main polluting factors. Air quality in residential areas is influenced by climatic and natural peculiarities of the regions (weather, terrain, etc.). Respiratory diseases, including acute respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer are significantly associated with air pollution in adults. A child's body is highly sensitive to the environmental factors which allows us to consider children's health as an indicator of the state of the environmental pooluiton. The deterioration of the ecological state of the air environment in Gorno-Altaisk (Altay region of Russia) is associated with increasing transport load, solid fuel stationary sources, and transport of pollutants from neighboring regions. Air pollution in the region needs to be monitored and addressed. This requires zoning of residential areas according to the degree of air pollution and analysis of the health of children as the most vulnerable part of the population, taking into account the environmental situation.
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