Globally, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. For clinical decision making, genetic variation in the interferon-λ (IFNL) cluster has been utilised as a baseline predictor of natural and interferon-based treatment-induced viral clearance. In Vietnam, where HCV genotypes 1 (g1) and g6 predominate, no prior studies have been conducted investigating associations of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms with spontaneous clearance (SC) or HCV viral load (VL) in chronic infection. In this study, we have investigated the host genetic variations in IFNL loci to determine the association of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms with HCV SC and baseline VLs in a Vietnamese HCV-seropositive cohort. The majority of the cohort harboured major homozygous polymorphisms in IFNL3/4 cluster (i.e. rs12979860-CC: 82.7%; rs8099917-TT: 84.8% and rs368234815-TT/TT: 85.5%) and the SC rates in these groups were 15.8%, 16.3% and 15.7%, respectively. In the minor allele groups, the resolution rates were lower (12% in rs12979860 non-CC, 9.1% in rs8099917 non-TT and 9.5% in rs368234815 non-TT/TT). Furthermore, in individuals harbouring minor alleles, females achieved higher SC rates than males. HCV g6-infected rs12979860 major homozygous individuals had significantly higher viral loads than individuals with minor alleles (CC: 6.56 log IU/ml vs. non-CC: 5.66 log IU/ml; P = 0.021). The association between IFNL3/4 genotypes with elevated HCV VL observed in HCV g6-infected individuals may have implications for the progression of liver disease in Southeast Asian countries where this viral genotype predominates and therefore warrants further studies.
The titania coating on phosphate surface was made by the painting method in air and at room temperature. The coatings were dried at 25°c and sintered at 15(TC, 25(FC, 350”C, 45ƠJC, 550°C for 30 minutes. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and the cutting method (TCVN 2097-1993) were used to characterize the coatings. The results showed that the coating annealed at 350TC had the high photoactivity in the photodegradation of methylene blue.
The TiO2/Hydroxyapatite (TiO2/HAp) nanocomposites with different ratios were prepared by precipitation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of TiO2 or TiO(OH)2. The physicochemical properties of TiO2/HAp material were characterized using the batch equilibration method and BET, XPS, DRS, FTIR analyses. The XPS result showed that binding energy of Ca-P was 347.2eV, that of P-OH was 133.3eV and the Ti 2p spectrum could be resolved into two spin-orbit pairs 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 with binding energies of 458.6 and 464.1 eV, respectively, which are the characteristics of titanium(IV) in TiO2. The FTIR result suggested that the formation of the TiO2/HAp nanocomposites have not changed the structure nor the phase of the hydroxyapatite crystals. However, the physicochemical properties of TiO2/HAp nanocomposites such as pHpzc values, band gap energy, specific surface area and pore volume were higher than those of pure TiO2 and HAp.
The treatment of wastewater from molasses – based alcohol distilleries in Viet Nam is still an unmanageable problem. This kind of wastewater contains high organic components which is difficult to biodegradation. Survey results on molasses – based alcohol distilleries waste water after biological treatment determined that the composition of wastewater also contains a considerable amount of organic compounds with high COD about 1300 - 1800 mg/L. Research results on wastewater after biodegradation in laboratory conditions by using advanced oxidation technologies demonstrated that the UV/ozone oxidation system is more efficient than the Ozone system UV OZONE in which the COD and colour treatment efficiency is higher from 4,2 – 22%. By using modeling method with the 5.0 software mode, this study determined the optimal reaction conditions for the model UV / ozone: pH = 9, O3 concentration = 54 mg/h; UV power = 8W/h. The treatment efficiency can reach 100% and 93% of colour and COD respectively after 120 minutes. The study also demonstrated that the presence of anions such as Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- had a significant impact on the efficiency of the oxidation process.
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