Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg., Euphorbiaceae) is a tropical tree crop mainly grown for the industrial production of latex. The rubber sector in Cameroon is faced with the effects of global economic crisis and a drop in the yield of latex due to several pests and diseases. This study focused on leaf diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Pestalotiopsis microspora. The fungi were isolated from the leaves of the rubber plant and cultured for characterization on two media (Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Potato Carrot Dextrose Agar (PCDA)) at various temperature and pH levels. Using the poison food technique, an in vitro assay was done to assess the effect of two fungicides (Synthetic Fungicide 1 (SF1) and Synthetic Fungicide 2 (SF2)) at the respective doses of 0.006, 0.013 and 0.025 g.L-1, and 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 g.L-1 on the growth of the two fungi. Results obtained show that PDA is most favourable for the growth of both fungi compared to PCDA. Both fungi attained optimal growth at pH 7 and at an incubation temperature of 25 oC. Neither F. oxysporum nor P. microspora grew on SF1-amended PDA and PCDA at all doses of the fungicide. SF2 significantly (P>0.05) inhibited the growth of P. microspora by 53.3% at the dose of 0.025 g.L-1 while F. oxysporum was less sensitive to the fungicide at all doses. In vitro pathogenicity test revealed similar disease symptoms as those observed in the field. This study shows that SF1 is the best fungicide against F. oxysporum and P. microspora as it gave 100% inhibition on the growth of both fungi.
Cameroon has an amazing variety of local mangoes whose potential is poorly exploited. The aim of this study was to characterise the physical and morphological diversity of mangoes in two agro-ecological regions with high potential for mango production. This experiment was conducted between February and July 2021 using ten local mango varieties. These were 'German', 'Bamoun', 'Lady' and 'American' mangoes found in Noun and 'Papaya', 'Dshang Dshang 1', 'Dshang Dshang 2', 'Kousa Dog', 'Garoua' and 'Ladies' mangoes identified in Lekié. Ten ripe fruits of each variety were harvested on three different trees in the same area. A total of 23 morphological and physical parameters were measured. Multivariate analysis based on PCA showed four groups of varieties in decreasing order of importance: group 2 (Papaya, German and American mangoes), group 4 (Garoua, Dame Lékie, Kousa Dog), group 3 (Dshang Dshang 2, Dame Noun, Dshang Dshang 1) and group 1 (Bamoun). Group 2 varieties had good quality for pulp mass to stone mass ratio (5.58±1), size index (10.6±3.22), sphericity index (0.97±0.35), fruit volume (391.5) and lateral fruit diameter (11.05±0.89). However, varieties in group 1 (12.87±3.08) and group 3 (10.7±2.27) have a high proportion of kernels in the fruit and a high kernel density, respectively. There is a wide diversity among the varieties examined. This provides valuable information of the different stakeholders in the mango value chain, i.e., the industry, nurserymen and consumers.
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