PURPOSE To develop recommendations concerning the management of male breast cancer. METHODS ASCO convened an Expert Panel to develop recommendations based on a systematic review and a formal consensus process. RESULTS Twenty-six descriptive reports or observational studies met eligibility criteria and formed the evidentiary basis for the recommendations. RECOMMENDATIONS Many of the management approaches used for men with breast cancer are like those used for women. Men with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer who are candidates for adjuvant endocrine therapy should be offered tamoxifen for an initial duration of five years; those with a contraindication to tamoxifen may be offered a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist plus aromatase inhibitor. Men who have completed five years of tamoxifen, have tolerated therapy, and still have a high risk of recurrence may be offered an additional five years of therapy. Men with early-stage disease should not be treated with bone-modifying agents to prevent recurrence, but could still receive these agents to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Men with advanced or metastatic disease should be offered endocrine therapy as first-line therapy, except in cases of visceral crisis or rapidly progressive disease. Targeted systemic therapy may be used to treat advanced or metastatic cancer using the same indications and combinations offered to women. Ipsilateral annual mammogram should be offered to men with a history of breast cancer treated with lumpectomy regardless of genetic predisposition; contralateral annual mammogram may be offered to men with a history of breast cancer and a genetic predisposing mutation. Breast magnetic resonance imaging is not recommended routinely. Genetic counseling and germline genetic testing of cancer predisposition genes should be offered to all men with breast cancer.

Multi-detector row CT with retrospective ECG gating permits the detection and further characterization of acute myocardial infarction in a porcine model of complete coronary occlusion.

Compared with the conventional volume score, multi-detector row CT-derived mineral mass is a less biased and more precise measurement of the mineral content of nonmoving ex vivo CEA specimens. Mineral mass and modified Agatston score are more reproducible than conventional volume and Agatston scores.

Objective-Measures of left ventricular (LV) mass and dimensions are independent predictors of morbidity and mortality. We determined whether an axial area-based method by computed tomography (CT) provides an accurate estimate of LV mass and volume.Method-45 subjects (49% female, 56.0±12 years) with a wide range of LV geometry underwent contrast-enhanced 64-slice CT. LV mass and volume were derived from a 3D data set. 2D images were analysed to determine LV area as well the direct transverse cardiac diameter (dTCD) and the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR). Further, feasibility was confirmed in 100 Framingham Offspring Cohort subjects.Results-2D measures of LV area, dTCD and CTR were 47.3±8 cm 2 , 14.7±1.5 cm and 0.54±0.05, respectively. 3D-derived LV volume (end-diastolic) and mass were 148.9±45 cm 3 and 124.2±34 g, respectively. Excellent inter-and intra-observer agreement were shown for 2D LV area measurements (both ICC=0.99, p<0.0001) and could be confirmed on non-contrast CT. The measured 2D LV area was highly correlated to LV volume, mass, and size (r=0.68; r=0.73; r=0.82; all p<0.0001; respectively). On the other hand, CTR was not correlated to LV volume, mass, size or 2D LV area (all p>0.27).Conclusion-Compared with traditionally used CTR, LV size can be accurately predicted based on a simple and highly reproducible axial LV area-based measurement.

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At high heart rates prospective ECG triggered image reconstruction is more accurate and reproducible for CAC scoring than retrospective ECG gated reconstruction and non-gated reconstruction.