Active solid acid catalysts of sulphated zinc oxide (SO 4 2--ZnO and SO 4 2-/ZnO) were prepared and characterized. The solid acid catalysts were investigated for their performance on transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The SO 4 2--ZnO and SO 4 2-/ZnO catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation respectively to compare their performance for biodiesel production. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), while the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) component in biodiesel product was identified by Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) and FT-IR. The SO 4 2--ZnO catalyst, prepared by coprecipitation, showed better performance for the transesterification process than the SO 4 2-/ZnO catalyst, prepared by wet impregnation. The trend of performance of both catalyst was due to effect of sulfonate incorporation into the zinc oxide structure to form active acid sites. From the catalyst testing on transesterification of soybean oil with methanol at mild conditions (temperature of 65 o C, methanol to oil mole ratio of 6, and 4 wt% of catalyst loading), the SO 4 2--ZnO catalyst exhibited promising FAME yield of 80.19% at 4 h reaction time. Therefore, the SO 4 2--ZnO catalyst showed potential as a catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil to produce biodiesel.
This research is aimed to create a learning trajectory of linear functions concept using mathematical modeling. The applied learning approach is the Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs). Design research was chosen as the research method consisting of three main phases; preliminary design, teaching experiments, and retrospective analysis. This research was conducted in class X in a public senior high school in Palembang. The result showed the design activity can encourage students to look at the form of modeling (charts/schemes/equation) that students make themself. Through steps on mathematical modeling takes students into the definition of the power to a linear functions, so the students had the idea in providing recommendations to solve real problems in life.
Adolescents as social media users have not been able to sort out positive activities on social media and tend to have a negative impact that causes cyberbullying behavior. A research of Ministry of Communication and Informatics of UNICEF showed the high percentage of children victims of cyberbullying. An Intensity is related to cyberbullying behavior. The cyberbullying is influenced by external and internal factors. One of internal factors that influences cyberbullying is emotional intelligence. Adolescents who have high emotional intelligence will control their primitive impulses, understand their feelings and be able to avoid negative behavior. In addition, external factor is a school climate. A healthy school climate will create positive emotional attachment to one another and interpersonal responsibilities so that school rules will be a guidance that is applied consistently for school members. The objectives of this study were to find out the description of adolescents' school climate in Semarang City, to find out the description of adolescents' emotional intelligence in Semarang City, to find out the correlation between emotional intelligence and cyberbullying behavior of adolescents in Semarang City.
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