This paper addresses the problem of controlling quarter-vehicle semi-active suspension systems. Presently, the suspension system involves a magnetorheological (MR) damper featuring hysteretic behavior captured through the Bouc–Wen model. The control objective is to regulate well the chassis vertical position despite the road irregularities. The difficulty of the control problem lies in the nonlinearity of the system model, the uncertainty of some parameters and the inaccessibility to measurements of the hysteresis internal state variable. The control design is performed using Lyapunov control design tools; it includes an observer providing online estimates of the hysteresis internal state and an adaptive state-feedback regulator. The adaptive controller, obtained by combining the state observer and the state-feedback regulator, is formally shown to meet the desired control objectives. This theoretical result is confirmed by several simulations. The latter illustrate the performances of the present adaptive controller and compare them with those of earlier control approaches and those of the passive suspension.
Perencanaan struktur beton bertulang umumnya menggunakan metodestrength based design atau biasa disebut force based design (FBD). MetodeFBD tidak mampu mengidentifikasi kinerja dan indeks kerusakan strukturyang terjadi, maka diperlukan analisis lebih lanjut yang dinamakanperformance based design (PBD). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalahmengidentifikasi pengaruh rasio tulangan kolom dan balok terhadap indekskerusakan struktur. Pada penelitian ini, indeks kerusakan statis struktur (DIE)dihitung berdasarkan luasan kurva spektrum kapasitas yang telah dibuatberdasarkan ATC-40 melalui analisis pushover. Struktur yang dianalisismerupakan struktur rangka beton bertulang 4 lantai dengan pembebanangempa rencana berdasarkan SNI 1726-2012. Nilai parameter yang ditinjauadalah nilai rasio tulangan balok dan kolom beserta pengaruhnya terhadapindeks kerusakan struktur (DIE). Hasil analisis indeks kerusakan menunjukanbahwa portal dengan rasio tulangan balok 0,579% dan rasio tulangan kolom2,268% lebih layak untuk menahan beban gempa rencana karena nilai DIEyang terjadi adalah 2,508. Nilai ini tidak melebihi indeks kerusakan statisrencana (DIS) yang telah dijadikan ambang batas untuk kerusakan sedangyaitu sebesar 0,2519. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan danrekomendasi untuk perencanaan struktur bangunan tahan gempa.
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