The paper describes the reservoir management experiences of Kerisi field after seven years of production. Kerisi field is located in Block B of South Natuna Sea and comprises five separate reservoirs in three geological zones.Forty seven percent of the reservoir hydrocarbons are located in the Upper Gabus Massive West (UGMW) reservoir; optimum production from this formation is expected to be reached by injecting gas at the gas cap. The source of injected gas is from all five Kerisi reservoirs and the nearby Hiu field. The liquid hydrocarbon production from UGMW and the production/injection of Kerisi -Hiu produced gas in this formation is of high importance to the future development stage of Kerisi -Hiu field.The initial reservoir management strategy was to optimize oil value with injection while meeting gas sales requirements. Both gas sales commitments and injection targets were honored with high Kerisi -Hiu production and the strong performance from other gas fields.With time, other gas fields became depleted faster than expected. Thus, it was decided to reduce gas injection rate in UGMW and produce more Kerisi and Hiu gas to increase gas sales volumes. The reduced of injection rates improved short term economic of the fields, but the effect to reservoir and long term economic benefit still needs evaluation. This paper will (1) show the impact of varying injection rate at UGMW to the overall Kerisi -Hiu field future production, include oil, gas, condensate, and LPG, (2) discuss an updated -improved reservoir management strategy, and (3) present an economic evaluation of the updated reservoir management strategy for the Kerisi -Hiu fields.The purpose of the paper is to share lessons learned in the evaluation of historical performance, data acquisition and monitoring, static and dynamic modeling, history matching, prediction of future performance, and the dynamics of reservoir management strategy which support future profitable opportunities.
Most of the countries in the world, including Indonesia, have agreed to take action of keeping global warming below 2º Celsius in this century, as ratified in the Paris Agreement. Indonesia is committed to reduce their greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions by 29% in 2030 without any international support. This study aims to analyze the nexus between carbon emission, energy consumption, and economic productivity; and moreover, identifies which factor in Kaya identity that affects more to the carbon emission. By employing energy and emission data from International Energy Agency (IEA), and macroeconomic data of 34 Provinces from Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), three dynamic models confirm that there is causality between those three variables.Decomposition results of Kaya identity showed that during 1993-2014, there was an increasing trend of carbon emissions mostly affected by carbon efficiency (ratio of CO2 emitted per energy consumption) and economic productivity. On the other hand, energy intensity of economy showed a promising decline trend over this period, indicating that less energy was needed to get a rupiah of GDP. Assuming the growth rate of GDP per capita is steady at 3% per year, Indonesia needs to further reduce its carbon content of energy at 4.5% per year and energy intensity at 2% per year, so that the INDC target in 2030 can successfully be achieved.
Electricity is a primary need in everyday life which can also boost regional economic growth. Tulang Bawang regency, located in Lampung Province, is one of the region in Indonesia in which its economy is heavily depended on electricity. Electricity is utilized to support operational activities of their shrimp farming businesses. This paper aims to assess the feasibility of providing electricity using a combination of biomass gasification and solar energy to support shrimp farming activities. This study covers three electricity generation scenarios to supply 540 MWh electricity annually: 1. Using diesel generator as how the condition right now is, 2. Using solar panel and diesel generator, and 3. Using solar panel and rice husk gasification. Energy simulations are performed using Homer software, while financial simulations are conducted in Excel. The findings of those scenarios revealed that using an integration of solar panel and rice husk gasification (scenario 3) can reduce the LCOE by 78%, from IDR 3750/kWh in the first scenario into IDR 820/kWh in the third scenario. In order not to encumber the shrimp farmers, this study also assess two payment scenarios: (a) pay as you go electricity billing, which is lower than national electricity tariff (TDL) and (b) paid after the shrimp harvest season in which the revenue sharing between farmers and investors is 89% and 11% respectively. The latter is more profitable for investors, while the former brings a more stable profit for investors.
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